Agricultural intensification during the last decades has caused a remarkable decline in the populations of birds that breed in European agro-ecosystems. In Spain, this process is affecting species closely related to the Mediterranean cereal pseudo-steppes, whose main world populations are found, precisely, in the Iberian peninsula. In recent years, several studies tried to identify the factors of agrarian management most directly involved in this decline, both those that operate on a larger (landscape) spatial scale, and those that intervene in the concrete management of each crop field. In parallel, other works have focused on the evaluation of the effectiveness of the measures put in place to try to halt this decline (i.e., agri-environmental measures). In this article, we present a synthesis of the results obtained in Spain within the framework of a larger European study on the effect of agricultural intensification on the biodiversity of cereal crops, identifying which management factors are most relevant to each scale and what are the implications for a management of these systems that includes the maintenance of their bird communities.