Food systems are increasingly threatened by climate change, natural resource degradation, rapid population growth, and shifting diets. Sustainable agricultural practices labeled as “agroecology” have been promoted as one of the possible solutions to current food systems challenges. Agroecological principles and/or practices have the potential to contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals of ending hunger, reducing negative environmental impacts, and achieving food and nutrition security.

Although incentives for the adoption of agroecological practices are critical to the transition toward sustainable food systems, there are limited in-depth reviews that provide an understanding of the existing incentive mechanisms and their relationship with the adoption of agroecological practices and economic, environmental, and social outcomes. This scoping review examines incentive mechanisms in agroecology practice adoption and outcomes using a general survey of the literature and a specific case study of incentives in wheat value chains in Ethiopia.