The Huangpu River, a source of drinking water, has been highly contaminated in recent years by fertilizer-rich agricultural drainage from extensive fertilizer uses in vegetable farms for high yields in the suburbs of Shanghai. A fertilizer-use reduction experiment (between 20 and 40%), in combination with a newly composed mixture of...

The loss of nitrogen and phosphorus due to excessive fertilizer application has become a major form of agricultural non-point pollution. In order to explore the impact of different planting patterns (conventional cultivation, green rice-frog ecosystem and organic rice-frog ecosystem) on nitrogen and phosphorus loss, a field experiment in three paddy...

The elemental composition of a subcellular compartment, cell, tissue or organism is termed as ionome, which involves of all mineral elements of life, regardless of chemical forms these occur. Ionome is the inorganic chemical element’s fingerprint of plant that quantitatively and accurately reflects inorganic response of plants to environment stimuli....

Key measures of eco-agricultural practices include landscape design at landscape level, circulation system design at ecosystem level and biological relationship design at community or sub-community level. Landscape design includes biological conservation design, resources utilization framework design, ecological safety design, and aesthetic landscape design. Circulation system design includes field circulation system,...

Following the basic organization hierarchy of biology, eco-agricultural models can be classified into the following fundamental classes: landscape model (at landscape level), in which agricultural land arrangement pattern is essential; cycling model (at ecosystem level), in which the core model is linked to different compartments of agro-ecosystems through energy and...

A technical package for eco-agriculture is the assembly of multiple techniques for a functional and goal-oriented agro-ecosystem management. The resources can originate from traditional agro-practices, modern agro-practices and high-tech innovations. There are inseparable, compatible, or incompatible relationships between a single technique and a specific agro-ecosystem. Also, there are mutually dependent,...