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抵御力: 提升民众、社区和生态系统的抵御力对于可持续粮食和农业系统十分关键
多样化生态农业系统抵御力更强。这种系统更易从干旱、洪水或飓风等极端天气和其他干扰中恢复,对病虫害的抵御力也更强。在1998年飓风“米奇”袭击中美洲之后,具有生物多样性的农场,例如农林混作、等高耕作和地被间作等,比周边采用传统单作型农场多保留了20-40%的表层土,侵蚀现象较轻,经济损失也较少。
通过维持一定的功能平衡,生态农业系统能更好地抵御病虫害的侵袭。生态农业方法有助于恢复农业系统的生物复杂度,并促进互动生物之间形成必要的集群以自我调节有害生物爆发。在景观层面,多样化农业景观更有潜力实现病虫害防控的功能。
生态农业方法同样能提高社会经济的抵御能力。生产者通过多样化和一体化措施降低其在某一种作物、家畜品种或其他商品歉收时的脆弱性。通过减少对外部投入的依赖,生态农业能降低生产者对经济风险的脆弱性。提高生态系统和社会经济两方面的抵御能力要同时进行。毕竟,人类是生态系统的有机组成部分。
Database
The concept of organic farming is based on a holistic viewpoint. Nature is more than just the separate individual elements into which it can be split. Principles and ideas of farming are found in the science of ecology, the interrelationship of living organisms and their environments. The concept includes economic...
Spain
会议文件
1998
IFOAM President, visited the Director-General and several FAO persons. Because FAO is a relative newcomer in the field of organic agriculture and increasing NGO and countries demand for FAO’s involvement in this field, it was proposed to organise a joint FAO/IFOAM meeting on organic agriculture. Organic agriculture has been included...
会议文件
1998
A better use of crop genetic diversity is recognized as an essential leverage for agroecology, as it promotes various ecosystem services, in a context of increasing environmental stochasticity caused by global change. Increasing within field diversity through the use of cultivar mixtures is a timely option, as testified by past...
France
创新
2018
This paper shows that rice-fish co-culture can control diseases, insect pests and weeds.
China
杂志文章
2009
In terms of markets for labelled products, products labelled "organic" have captured the biggest market shares. For tropical products, market shares of labelled products (i.e. organic and fair-trade together) are typically one to two percent of the total North American and European markets. This ranges from 0.8 percent in the...
工作文件
2003