生态农业知识中心

协同作用: 协同作用能提升粮食系统的关键职能,支持生产和多重生态系统服务

生态农业注重多样化系统的设计,这些系统有选择性地将一年生和多年生作物、家畜和水生动物、林木、土壤、水以及其他农场和农业景观的组成部分结合起来,在气候不断变化的背景下加强协同作用。

加强粮食系统内的协同作用能带来多重惠益。通过优化生物协同作用,生态农业措施能提高生态功能,实现更高的资源使用效率和恢复能力。例如,从全球范围看,在间种或轮作系统中豆类发挥的生物固氮作用相当于每年节省近1000万美元的氮肥开支,同时还能改善土壤健康,提高减缓和适应气候变化的能力。而且,用于作物的大约15%的氮素来自于家畜的粪便,凸显了畜牧业与作物生产相结合所产生的协同作用。在亚洲,综合性水稻系统将水稻栽培与鱼、鸭、林木等其他产品的生产结合起来。综合性水稻系统通过实现协同作用极大地提升了单产、膳食多样化、杂草防除、土壤结构和肥力,并提供了生物多样性生境、实现了虫害防治。

在景观层面,要提高协同作用就必须在时间和空间上同步生产性活动。利用朱缨花绿篱控制土壤侵蚀在东非高地的综合性生态农业系统中十分常见。在这个例子中,通过定期修剪的管理措施,减少林木与在绿篱间生长的作物之间形成竞争,同时为动物提供饲料,在不同组成部分之间带来了协同作用。游牧和粗放型放牧系统协调人类、多物种畜群和多变环境情况之间的复杂互动,加强抵御能力,并促进实现种子散播、生境保护和土壤肥力等生态系统服务, 。来了协同作用。游牧和粗放型放牧系统协调人类、多物种畜群和多变环境情况之间的复杂互动,加强抵御能力,并促进实现种子散播、生境保护和土壤肥力等生态系统服务。

尽管生态农业措施努力实现协同作用最大化,但是在自然和人类系统中经常存在取舍。例如,在资源使用和获取权的分配中就经常存在取舍。为在更广泛的粮食系统内促进协同作用并以最佳方式管理取舍,生态农业强调了不同规模的各行为方加强伙伴关系、合作和负责任治理的重要性。

Database

A developing new bachelor degree on Agroecology and Food Systems, as well as MSc and PhD programs. It will include international research, as well as territory-linked research with our closer social and natural environment, always looking at food from alternative food systems perspective more grounded into transformative groups (eg. food...
Spain
学习
The booklet, edited by the United Federation of Farmers and Livestock Associations (FUGEA), presents a series of practices and techniques to reinforce farmer's autonomy and the environmental, social and economic sustainability of the farms. The booklet covers eight main topics: food systems' autonomy, livestock, diversification, soil convervation, agroforestry, water protection, energy...
France
情况说明书
2017
This guide has been prepared by Prosalus, as a result of a study carried out within the framework of a project promoted by the INTERCOONECTA Plan of the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation – (INTERCOONECTA of AECID, for its acronym in Spanish), the FAO regional office for Latin America and...
准则
2018
This paper, written by Schola Campesina, highlights the importance of understanding how the term ''innovation'' is passed off as good in itself. The meaning of innovation today incorporates a large part of the capitalist system that seeks to transform food production irreversibly from a communal, social, democratic act into a commercial...
工作文件
2018
This course is a joint effort of FAO and the Latin American Scientific Society of Agroecology (SOCLA) and aims to be a contribution to stimulate the exchange and dissemination of good practices of agroecology in the context of territorial development, sustainability, and resilience, governance, and empowerment of communities and people. The course...
学习
2021