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Сельскохозяйственные биотехнологии
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Вопросы Новостей касаются применения биотехнологий в производстве продовольствия и ведении сельского хозяйства в развивающихся странах и их главный фокус – на деятельности ФАО, других агентств / органов ООН и 15 исследовательских центров Консультативной группы по международным сельскохозяйственным исследованиям (CGIAR). Вопросы Новостей включают все секторы по производству продовольствия и ведения сельского хозяйства (семеноводство, лесное хозяйство, рыбное хозяйство / аквакультуру, животноводство, агропромышленность) и широкий спектр биотехнологий (напр., использование молекулярных рынков, искусственного осеменения, триплоидизации, биологических удобрений, микроклонального размножения, геномики, генетической модификации, и т.д.). В бюллетень новостей включены новые документы, которые доступны также на веб-странице, но для тех, кто не может их скачать или нуждаются в дальнейшей информации, предлагаются электронные адреса для контакта. Служба новостей начала функционировать в январе 2002 года, и все статьи, вышедшие с этого времени, доступны (всего за 9 лет их было 800). Новости и события с веб-страницы также рассылаются электронным путем, в форме электронного бюллетня FAO-BiotechNews, который издается на шести различных языках: арабском, английском, французском, испанском, китайском и русском. Для подписки на этот бюллетень необходимо направить электронное письмо по адресу: [email protected], с указанием электронного адреса, на который просите отправлять и на каком языке желаете получать бюллетень.
06/07/2006
At the meeting of the Special Session of the Committee on Trade and Environment (CTE) of the World Trade Organization (WTO), held on 6-7 July 2006 in Geneva, Switzerland, the Representative of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) delivered a statement on behalf of the Executive Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), providing a brief on recent developments with regard to the CBD and its Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety that are relevant to the work of the Committee. See the statement at http://www.biodiv.org//doc/speech/2006/sp-2006-07-13-cte-en.pdf (260 KB); more information on the CTE Special Sessions at http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/envir_e/envir_negotiations_e.htm; or contact [email protected] for more information.
05/07/2006
As part of its Agriculture and Rural Development Discussion Paper series, the World Bank has just published "Health enhancing foods: Opportunities for strengthening the sector in developing countries", by L. Kotilainen and co-authors. The 82-page report includes a general literature review of the potential generated by functional foods and an assessment of the sector in five countries (Brazil, China, India, Peru and Russia). The potential of biotechnology for the functional foods sector is also covered briefly. See the report (848 KB) or contact [email protected] for more information.
04/07/2006
The United Nations University`s Institute of Advanced Studies (UNU-IAS) has recently published "Trading precaution: The Precautionary Principle and the WTO", by S. Shaw and R. Schwartz. The 17-page report examines the debate on the evolution of the Precautionary Principle in the context of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and is part of a series of studies being undertaken at the UNU-IAS to explore the differing standards for regulating biotechnology in different regimes. See the report (498 KB) or contact [email protected] for more information.
03/07/2006
The OECD`s Working Group for Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology organised an OECD Expert Workshop from 29 November to 1 December 2004 in Moscow, Russia, on the biology of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). The main purpose of the workshop was to take the first steps in considering whether the general approaches used in the past by the Working Group, primarily to address the safety/ risk assessment of transgenic plants, could be applicable to similar work on the safety/ risk assessment of transgenic fish. Abstracts of workshop presentations are now available. See http://appli1.oecd.org/olis/2006doc.nsf/linkto/env-jm-mono(2006)21 or contact [email protected] for more information.
02/07/2006
The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) has just published "The Asian Maize Biotechnology Network (AMBIONET): A model for strengthening national agricultural research systems" by C. Pray. The 43-page report reviews the impacts of this network, which ended in 2005 and was organized by CIMMYT with funding from the Asian Development Bank to strengthen the capacity of public maize research institutions in China, India, Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam to produce high-yielding, disease resistant, stress tolerant maize cultivars. The report is organised into the following sections: history and structure of AMBIONET; framework for impact assessment; impact on Asian maize research capacity; impact on research output and productivity; impact on farmers; and conclusions: impacts and the future. See http://www.cimmyt.org/english/docs/research_report/ambionet2006.pdf (482 KB) or contact [email protected] for more information
01/07/2006
The Africa Rice Center (WARDA), one of the 15 research centres supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research, has recently launched its new website. It provides updated information about the centre (its history, structure etc.), its partnerships, publications and newsroom services as well as its research, including extensive information, inter alia, on the New Rice for Africa (NERICA) varieties developed using embryo rescue and anther culture techniques. See http://www.warda.org (in English and French) or contact [email protected] for more information.
15/06/2006
FAO has just published "The role of biotechnology in exploring and protecting agricultural genetic resources", edited by J. Ruane and A. Sonnino. This 187-page book brings together papers from an international workshop held on 5-7 March 2005 in Turin, Italy, on the role of biotechnology for the characterization and conservation of crop, forest, animal and fishery genetic resources as well as the background and summary documents from an e-mail conference on the same subject that was held three months afterwards. The book contains four chapters on the status of the world`s livestock, fishery, crop and forest genetic resources respectively (Section I); two chapters on the use of cryopreservation and reproductive technologies for conservation of genetic resources (Section II); eight chapters dedicated to the use of molecular markers for characterization and conservation of genetic resources (Section III); and two chapters from the e-mail conference (Section IV). See http://www.fao.org/tempref/docrep/fao/009/a0399e/a0399e00.pdf or contact [email protected] to request a copy.
14/06/2006
FAO Research and Technology Paper 8, presenting a report of the first six moderated e-mail conferences hosted by the FAO Biotechnology Forum in 2000 and 2001, is now available in Chinese. The first four conferences dealt with the appropriateness of currently available biotechnologies in the crop, fishery, forestry and livestock sectors, while the remaining two dealt with the implications of agricultural biotechnology for hunger and food security and the impact of intellectual property rights. The publication includes the background and summary documents for each of the conferences, as well as providing an introduction; information about participation in the conferences; general conclusions and, finally, additional references. See http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/y2729c/y2729c00.htm (for the 111-page Chinese translation, as well as links to the English and Spanish versions) or contact [email protected] for more information. The book was co-published by the Scientech Documentation and Information Center (SDIC) of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences under FAO`s Chinese Publishing Programme.
13/06/2006
The summary document of the FAO e-mail conference entitled "Regulating GMOs in developing and transition countries" is now available on the web. The 14-page document provides a summary of the main issues discussed during this moderated e-mail conference hosted by the FAO Biotechnology Forum from 28 April to 1 June 2003, based on the 93 messages posted, half of which came from people living in developing countries. The main topics discussed were whether it is important for developing countries to regulate GMOs; how strict a regulatory framework should be; the lack of resources and capacity for regulating GMOs; the approach to risk assessment and risk management; regulation of GM versus non-GM products; centres of origin or diversity; co-ordination and harmonization of GMO regulations between and within countries; public participation/awareness; monitoring implementation of GMO regulations; and liability. See http://www.fao.org/biotech/logs/C9/summary.htm or contact [email protected] to request a copy.
12/06/2006
The report of the 34th Session of the Codex Committee on Food Labelling (CCFL) that took place on 1-5 May 2006 in Ottawa, Canada, is now available. Agenda Item 5, on "Labelling of foods and food ingredients obtained through certain techniques of genetic modification / genetic engineering", is covered in paragraphs 82-101 of the report. See document ALINORM 06/29/22 at http://www.codexalimentarius.net/web/archives.jsp or contact [email protected] for further information.
11/06/2006
The report of the 27th Session of the Codex Committee on Methods of Analysis and Sampling, that took place on 15-19 May 2006 in Budapest, Hungary, is now available. Agenda Item 6, on "Criteria for the methods for the detection and identification of foods derived from biotechnology", is covered in paragraphs 84-91 of the report. See document ALINORM 06/29/23 at http://www.codexalimentarius.net/web/archives.jsp or contact [email protected] for further information.
09/06/2006
As part of a global survey that FAO is carrying out to assess plant breeding and related biotechnology capacity, draft national reports are now available on the web for an additional 12 African countries i.e. Algeria, Angola, Cameroon (in French), Ghana, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Uganda and Zimbabwe. See the "What`s new" section of http://apps3.fao.org/wiews/wiews.jsp or contact [email protected] for more information. The results of this global survey are helping to identify opportunities and gaps to strengthen national capacity to use plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. At a side event during the 1st meeting of the Governing Body of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, held in Madrid, Spain, on 12-16 June 2006, the Global Partnership Initiative for Plant Breeding Capacity Building (GIPB) was launched. The GIPB is aimed at helping developing countries to improve their agricultural productivity through sustainable use of plant genetic resources. See a `Spotlight` article on the GIPB at http://www.fao.org/ag/magazine/0606sp1.htm (in Arabic, Chinese, English, French and Spanish) or contact [email protected] for more information.
08/06/2006
A report on "The status of agricultural biotechnology and biosafety in Ukraine", commissioned by FAO`s Research and Technology Development Service (SDRR) and the Regional Office for Europe (REU), has now been published. This 41-page report includes an overview of Ukraine`s national agriculture profile; national agricultural policy; status of agricultural research; national biotechnology policy; status of biotechnology research; applications of biotechnology; regulatory frameworks; and state of information and communication needs. See http://www.fao.org/sd/dim_kn4/docs/kn4_060601d1_en.pdf or contact [email protected] for more information or to provide comments.
07/06/2006
As part of its FAO Fisheries Technical Papers series, the FAO Fisheries Department, jointly with the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), has just published "Management techniques for elasmobranch fisheries", edited by J.A. Musick and R. Bonfil. This 251-page manual describes the scientific principles and techniques used for resource management of elasmobranch fisheries (i.e. sharks, skates and rays) with emphasis on the particular context of elasmobranchs. Chapter 5, by E.J. Heist, deals with the use of molecular markers to estimate stock structure in marine elasmobranchs. See http://www.fao.org/tempref/docrep/fao/008/a0212e/a0212E00.pdf or contact [email protected] for more information.
06/06/2006
Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Information (TTI) is a half-yearly periodical prepared for publication, in English and French, by FAO. It was established to collate and disseminate current information on all aspects of tsetse and trypanosomiasis research and control to institutions and individuals involved in the problems of African trypanosomiasis. The latest TTI bulletin is now available, providing news as well as abstracts of scientific papers and reports. Tsetse fly transmitted trypanosomiasis is an infectious disease, affecting both people and animals, that is unique to Africa and caused by various species of blood parasites (trypanosomes). The infection has a severe impact on agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa and a variety of diagnostic tests are available, some using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). See the latest TTI bulletin (84 pages) at http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/a0121e/a0121e00.htm, the bulletin archives (back to 1989) at http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/programmes/en/paat/ttiq.html or contact [email protected] for more information.
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