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Сельскохозяйственные биотехнологии
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Вопросы Новостей касаются применения биотехнологий в производстве продовольствия и ведении сельского хозяйства в развивающихся странах и их главный фокус – на деятельности ФАО, других агентств / органов ООН и 15 исследовательских центров Консультативной группы по международным сельскохозяйственным исследованиям (CGIAR). Вопросы Новостей включают все секторы по производству продовольствия и ведения сельского хозяйства (семеноводство, лесное хозяйство, рыбное хозяйство / аквакультуру, животноводство, агропромышленность) и широкий спектр биотехнологий (напр., использование молекулярных рынков, искусственного осеменения, триплоидизации, биологических удобрений, микроклонального размножения, геномики, генетической модификации, и т.д.). В бюллетень новостей включены новые документы, которые доступны также на веб-странице, но для тех, кто не может их скачать или нуждаются в дальнейшей информации, предлагаются электронные адреса для контакта. Служба новостей начала функционировать в январе 2002 года, и все статьи, вышедшие с этого времени, доступны (всего за 9 лет их было 800). Новости и события с веб-страницы также рассылаются электронным путем, в форме электронного бюллетня FAO-BiotechNews, который издается на шести различных языках: арабском, английском, французском, испанском, китайском и русском. Для подписки на этот бюллетень необходимо направить электронное письмо по адресу: [email protected], с указанием электронного адреса, на который просите отправлять и на каком языке желаете получать бюллетень.
04/06/2006
The World Bank`s Agriculture and Rural Development Department has just published "Intellectual property rights: Designing regimes to support plant breeding in developing countries". This 77-page report is based on a field study of the impact of strengthened intellectual property rights (IPRs) on the breeding industries in China, Colombia, India, Kenya and Uganda. The analysis also makes use of secondary data and interviews with stakeholders from other countries. IPRs covering biotechnology processes and products are considered on numerous occasions e.g. in chapter 5 which examines experiences in the commercial seed sector with plant variety protection and the protection of biotechnology. See http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTARD/Resources/IPR_ESW.pdf or contact [email protected] for more information.
03/06/2006
The UNEP-GEF global Project on Development of National Biosafety Frameworks (NBFs) began in June 2001. A total of 67 countries have now completed their final draft NBFs. In addition, a study entitled "Building biosafety capacity in developing countries: Experiences of the UNEP-GEF Project on Development of National Biosafety Frameworks", looking at the experiences of the project as a capacity building initiative, is now available. See the NBFs, the study or contact [email protected] for more information.
02/06/2006
The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) has established a South-South capacity building network for biosafety training. The network comprises the Universities of Concepción (Chile), Malaya (Malaysia) and Dar es Salaam (Tanzania). The biosafety programme offered by the network is intended to strengthen the capacity of regulatory institutions in developing countries through the provision of quality multi-disciplinary training. The programme, targeting professionals from government, industry and academia involved in biotechnology regulation, is of twelve months duration and leads to an accredited post-graduate diploma. See http://www.unido.org/en/doc/53173 or contact [email protected] for more information.
01/06/2006
As part of its "Research at a Glance" series, which aims to provide concise, comprehensive information on complex research issues to researchers and policy analysts, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) has just published "Genetic resource policies: Promising crop biotechnologies for smallholder farmers in East Africa: Bananas and maize", edited by M. Smale, S. Edmeades and H. De Groote. The publication, comprising eight briefs, presents synopses of two case studies that explore the potential for integrating transgenic varieties of cooking bananas and maize into smallholder agriculture in East Africa. See http://www.ifpri.org/pubs/rag/br1004.asp or contact [email protected] for more information.
14/05/2006
On 21-23 April 2004, CAB International`s 15th Review Conference was held in Beijing, China. Proceedings of the conference are now available on the web, including a Special Presentation (pages 22-32) by He Changchui, the FAO Assistant Director-General and Regional Representative for Asia and the Pacific, entitled "Directing biotechnology towards the needs of the poor and sustainable agriculture". See http://www.cabi.org/pdfs/ReviewConf2004.pdf (747 KB) or contact [email protected] for more information.
13/05/2006
As part of a global survey that FAO is carrying out to assess plant breeding and related biotechnology capacity, draft reports on national plant breeding and associated biotechnology surveys are now available for Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Jordan, Kyrgyzstan, Republic of Macedonia and Zambia. In addition, as part of the same initiative, FAO organised a regional workshop on 11-12 April 2006 in Almaty, Kazakhstan, entitled "Assessing and designing strategies to strengthen national plant breeding and related biotechnology capacity in Central Asia", in collaboration with the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) and the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA). For the workshop report, as well as the national survey reports, see the "What`s new" section of http://apps3.fao.org/wiews/wiews.jsp or contact [email protected] for more information. The global survey is being carried out to assist in designing strategies to strengthen national and regional abilities to use plant genetic resources for food and agriculture.
12/05/2006
As part of its FAO Fisheries Technical Paper series, the FAO Fisheries Department has published "Application of modern analytical techniques to ensure seafood safety and authenticity" by I. Martinez, D. James and H. Loréal. The first part of this 73-page publication examines traditional and modern methods (immunological, molecular biology and protein-based analyses) for the detection and typing of agents implicated in seafood-borne diseases, i.e. toxins, viruses, bacteria and parasites. The second part deals with methods to ensure seafood authenticity, including protein and DNA analysis for species identification. See http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/y5970e/y5970e00.htm or contact [email protected] to request a copy.
11/05/2006
The latest newsletter (February 2006) from the Information Network on Post-harvest Operations (INPhO) is now available, providing information on recent publications and decision-making tools that are available on the INPhO website. These include 2 new chapters in the "Compendium on Post-harvest Operations" (on pineapple, in English and Spanish, and grapes) as well as 4 toolkits covering processing of cereals; fruits and vegetables; oilseeds; and roots and tubers. Each toolkit is a practical package that can be used by small and medium scale food processors to establish or improve a food processing enterprise, primarily in developing countries. It includes e.g. information on processing details for fermented cereal doughs, that are traditional staple products in many developing countries, or on use of fermentation in roots and tubers, the most important step during the processing of cassava and high-alkaloid varieties of potato. See http://www.fao.org/inpho or contact [email protected] for more information.
10/05/2006
An advance version of the decisions adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity at its 3rd meeting serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (COP-MOP 3), that took place on 13-17 March 2006 in Curitiba, Brazil, is now available. The 65-page document is still subject to final editing and clearance. See http://www.biodiv.org/doc/meetings/bs/mop-03/mop-03-decision-advance-en.pdf (361 KB) or contact [email protected] for more information.
09/05/2006
The 3rd meeting of UN-Biotech took place on 16 May 2006 in Geneva, Switzerland, in conjunction with the 9th regular session of the United Nations Commission on Science and Technology for Development. UN-Biotech is an inter-agency cooperation network on biotechnology which was set up by UN agencies undertaking biotechnology-related activities, following a recommendation of the UN Secretary-General for an integrated framework for biotechnology development. The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) has coordinated the network since its launch in 2004. See background to the meeting or contact [email protected] for more information.
08/05/2006
The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) has recently published "Tracking the trend towards market concentration: The case of the agricultural input industry", a study prepared by the UNCTAD secretariat. The 60-page report aims to first define a methodology and construct a measure of concentration of, and explore emerging patterns in, the agricultural input industries. Section I assesses concentration in the agrochemical industry while Sections II and III explore the patterns of consolidation in the seed industry and in agricultural biotechnology respectively. See http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/ditccom200516_en.pdf (795 KB) or contact [email protected] for more information.
07/05/2006
The United Nations Environment Programme-Global Environment Facility (UNEP-GEF) Project on Building Capacity for Effective Participation in the Biosafety Clearing House (BCH) of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety was initiated in March 2004. A number of documents from the project have recently been put on the web, including the report of a Pacific islands sub-regional meeting on Implementation of national biosafety frameworks and regional cooperation, including the establishment of a pacific regional node of the BCH" held on 21-25 November 2005 in Apia, Samoa; the report of the "BCH training of trainers course for information technology and Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety regional advisors" held from 31 January to 12 February 2005 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; two bi-annual project progress reports (June 2005 and December 2005); five BCH training modules; and an on-line training workshop module which provides guidelines on how a BCH training program can be conducted. See http://www.unep.ch/biosafety/BCH.htm or contact [email protected] for more information.
06/05/2006
As part of its Policy Research Working Paper series, the World Bank has recently published 2 studies on genetically modified cotton. The first, paper 3917, is entitled "Recent and prospective adoption of genetically modified cotton: A global computable general equilibrium analysis of economic impacts" by K. Anderson, E. Valenzuela and L.A. Jackson. The second, paper 3918, is entitled "The World Trade Organization`s Doha cotton initiative: A tale of two issues" by K. Anderson and E. Valenzuela. The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. See http://econ.worldbank.org/resource.php?type=5 or contact [email protected] for more information.
05/05/2006
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just published "OECD biotechnology statistics - 2006" by B. van Beuzekom and A. Arundel. The 157-page report includes data for 23 OECD countries and 2 observer countries, plus China (Shanghai) and comparable indicators given include the number of biotechnology firms, business expenditures on biotechnology research and development (R&D), biotechnology R&D in the public sector, biotechnology employment, and sales of biotechnology goods and services, plus patents, venture capital, genetically modified (GM) crop hectares and GM field trials. See http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/51/59/36760212.pdf (850 KB) or contact [email protected] for more information.
04/05/2006
Issue number 16 (May 2006) of the OECD Biotechnology Update is now available. It provides updated information on the diverse activities at the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) related to biotechnology. The 23-page newsletter contains items on news, recent and future events, recent and future publications (many are available free of charge) and provides web and e-mail contacts for the different areas of activity. The previous issue was published in July 2005. See http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/27/45/36731445.pdf (180 KB) or contact [email protected] for more information.
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