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Сельскохозяйственные биотехнологии
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Вопросы Новостей касаются применения биотехнологий в производстве продовольствия и ведении сельского хозяйства в развивающихся странах и их главный фокус – на деятельности ФАО, других агентств / органов ООН и 15 исследовательских центров Консультативной группы по международным сельскохозяйственным исследованиям (CGIAR). Вопросы Новостей включают все секторы по производству продовольствия и ведения сельского хозяйства (семеноводство, лесное хозяйство, рыбное хозяйство / аквакультуру, животноводство, агропромышленность) и широкий спектр биотехнологий (напр., использование молекулярных рынков, искусственного осеменения, триплоидизации, биологических удобрений, микроклонального размножения, геномики, генетической модификации, и т.д.). В бюллетень новостей включены новые документы, которые доступны также на веб-странице, но для тех, кто не может их скачать или нуждаются в дальнейшей информации, предлагаются электронные адреса для контакта. Служба новостей начала функционировать в январе 2002 года, и все статьи, вышедшие с этого времени, доступны (всего за 9 лет их было 800). Новости и события с веб-страницы также рассылаются электронным путем, в форме электронного бюллетня FAO-BiotechNews, который издается на шести различных языках: арабском, английском, французском, испанском, китайском и русском. Для подписки на этот бюллетень необходимо направить электронное письмо по адресу: [email protected], с указанием электронного адреса, на который просите отправлять и на каком языке желаете получать бюллетень.
02/07/2005
The OECD Environment, Health and Safety Division has published the "Consensus document on compositional considerations for new varieties of alfalfa and other temperate forage legumes: Key feed nutrients, anti-nutrients and secondary plant metabolites". It is number 13 in its Series on the Safety of Novel Foods and Feeds. See http://appli1.oecd.org/olis/2005doc.nsf/linkto/env-jm-mono(2005)13 or contact [email protected] for more information.
01/07/2005
As part of a collaborative strategic research program involving the West Africa Rice Development Association (WARDA - Africa Rice Center), among others, a workshop on "Strategic characterisation of blast pathogen diversity, key screening sites and host resistance" was held on 5 March 2003 in Accra, Ghana. Proceedings of the workshop, edited by Y. Séré, S. Sreenivasaprasad and S.K. Nutsugah, are now available, entitled "Rice blast in West Africa: Characterisation of pathogen diversity, key screening sites and host resistance". It includes the workshop report, full papers covering various presentations and useful appendices and "is intended to serve as a reference manual for scientists involved in rice blast research and management in Africa, particularly the West African region". Rice blast is an important disease caused by a fungus and is one of the major constraints to rice production. See http://www.warda.cgiar.org/publications/Blast/index.htm or contact [email protected] for more information. WARDA is one of the 15 research centres supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research.
14/06/2005
On 18-20 January 2005 an expert consultation entitled "Genetically modified organisms in crop production and their effects on the environment: Methodologies for monitoring and the way ahead" was held at FAO headquarters, Rome, jointly organised by FAO`s Plant Production and Protection Division and the FAO Working Groups on Biodiversity and Biotechnology. The meeting report is now available. See the Executive Summary (in Arabic, Chinese, English, French and Spanish - at http://www.fao.org/ag/), the 33-page report (in English - at http://www.fao.org/tempref/docrep/fao/008/ae738e/ae738e00.pdf) or contact [email protected] for more information.
13/06/2005
FAO`s Research and Technology Development Service has just published an "Annotated bibliography on the economic and socio-economic impact of agricultural biotechnology in developing countries". The 112-page document brings together a wide range of assessments of the economic and socio-economic impact of agricultural biotechnology (both GMO and non-GMO) in developing countries. Due to the limited availability of literature on the impact of biotechnology applications in other sectors, it focuses on crop biotechnology but also includes a small number of studies on forestry and livestock. See ftp://ftp.fao.org/sd/SDR/SDRR/bibliography1.pdf or contact [email protected] for more information or to provide comments.
11/06/2005
The FAO Regional project on Capacity Building in Biosafety of GM Crops in Asia (Asian BioNet) has just published a training manual on risk communication. The manual`s intended users are the government, as the science regulator, and scientists and it focuses on communicating the risks associated with the use of genetically modified crops. The 30-page manual is organised into five modules (principles of risk communication; message map; developing the message; communicating risks; use of tri-media in risk communication) and was the main output of a regional training workshop on public awareness and participation, held on 21-25 June 2004 in Manila, the Philippines. See the manual or contact [email protected] for more information. The Asian BioNet project is funded by the government of Japan and is based at the FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific in Bangkok, Thailand.
10/06/2005
The report of the 33rd Session of the Codex Committee on Food Labelling, which took place on 9-13 May 2005 in Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, is now available. Agenda items 5b and 5a dealt with "Proposed draft guidelines for the labelling of foods and food ingredients obtained through certain techniques of genetic modification/genetic engineering: Labelling provisions" and "Draft amendment to the general standard for the labelling of prepackaged foods (Draft recommendations for the labelling of foods obtained through certain techniques of genetic modification/genetic engineering): Definitions" respectively, and are covered in paragraphs 46-64 of the report. See report ALINORM 05/28/22 at http://www.codexalimentarius.net/web/reports.jsp or contact [email protected] for further information.
09/06/2005
The third volume in a set of three guides to the conservation and management of forest (tree and shrub) genetic resources has just been published on the web, entitled "Forest genetic resources conservation and management: In plantations and genebanks (ex situ)". The 86-page document was prepared as a common effort between FAO, the Danida Forest Tree Seed Centre (now part of Forest and Landscape Denmark, KVL) and the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI). It outlines the role of ex situ conservation and reviews some of the strategies that may be employed: the managed development of ex situ populations, as well as storage methods, in the field and in seed banks, for ex situ genetic resources. A wide range of issues are covered, including use of molecular markers or storage of non-orthodox species using cryopreservation, in vitro culture or DNA banks. See http://www.ipgri.cgiar.org/publications/pdf/1053.pdf or contact [email protected] for a free copy. The first 2 volumes dealt with the basic principles and with in situ conservation respectively (see http://www.fao.org/forestry/site/16348/en).
08/06/2005
In April 2004, FAO launched "Developing Country Biotechnology Profiles", a searchable database aiming to provide easy access to key, updated sources of biotechnology-related information about individual developing countries (including countries with economies in transition). For each country, information may be stored on the following 11 subjects: biotechnology research policy; research capacity (key institutions; summary of major research programmes); biotechnology regulatory framework (biosafety; food safety; patents; plant variety protection; plant genetic resources; animal genetic resources); biotechnology applications and, finally, publications and links. The database has been updated and information is now available on 128 countries. The database is a feature in FAO-BioDeC and is accessed by clicking the "Country Profiles" button on the left hand menu of the FAO-BioDeC webpage ( http://www.fao.org/biotech/inventory_admin/dep/default.asp). Contact [email protected] to provide comments or to request more information.
06/06/2005
The 2nd meeting of the Parties to the Aarhus Convention (i.e. the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters) took place on 25-27 May 2005 in Almaty, Kazakhstan. One of the decisions adopted concerned the role of the public in decisions involving GMOs. See a UNECE press release "Governments reach agreement on public participation in decision-making on genetically modified organisms" at http://www.unece.org/press/pr2005/05env_p06e.htm or contact [email protected] for more information. The UNECE is one of five regional commissions of the UN and has 55 Member countries from North America, Western, Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia. There are 35 Parties to the Aarhus Convention.
05/06/2005
The United Nations University`s Institute of Advanced Studies (UNU-IAS) has just published a report entitled "Bioprospecting of genetic resources in the deep seabed: Scientific, legal and policy aspects", by S. Arico and C. Salpin. The study aims to provide a factual review of the scientific, legal and policy aspects related to bioprospecting in seabed areas beyond national jurisdiction. Chapter 4 of the 62-page report is entitled "Overview of global biotechnology and bioprospecting trends". See http://www.ias.unu.edu/binaries2/DeepSeabed.pdf (750 KB) or contact [email protected] for more information.
04/06/2005
As part of its STI Working Paper series, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry (STI) has just published "Dynamics of biotechnology research and industry in India: Statistics, perspectives and key policy issues" by S. Chaturvedi. The 62-page paper provides an inventory of biotechnology data collection in India, including an assessment of how the need for biotechnology-related statistics is being addressed. It also presents an overview of the status of biotechnology in India, with a focus on the agricultural and health sectors. See http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/43/35/34947073.pdf or contact [email protected] for more information.
02/06/2005
As part of a regional policy dialogue on "Biotechnology, agriculture, and food security in Southern Africa", the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and the Food, Agriculture, and Natural Resource Policy Analysis Network (FANRPAN), convened its first meeting on 25-26 April 2003 in Johannesburg, South Africa. Seven background papers were prepared as input into the meeting. Two of them (a regional synthesis paper and a paper on concepts and practices of multi-stakeholder processes) were presented and discussed while the other five papers (addressing political and ethical issues raised by biotechnology, food safety and consumer issues, biosafety, intellectual property rights, and trade) were not formally presented. These seven papers as well as two synthesis chapters by the editors have now been put together in a 297-page book entitled "Biotechnology, agriculture, and food security in Southern Africa", edited by S.W. Omamo and K. von Grebmer. See http://www.ifpri.org/pubs/books/oc46.htm or contact [email protected] for more information. IFPRI is one of the 15 research centres supported by the CGIAR.
01/06/2005
A group of professionals from the Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT) has produced, in collaboration with a group of schoolteachers in Cali, Colombia, Spanish-language educational materials related to biotechnology. These are now available as a CD-ROM entitled "La Biotecnología en el salón de clases" (Biotechnology goes to school), which aims to create a space where students can learn about biotechnology and become familiar with several of its techniques. See http://www.ciat.cgiar.org/biotechnology/launching_cd.htm or contact [email protected] for more information. CIAT is one of the 15 research centres supported by the CGIAR.
19/05/2005
As part of its Forest Genetic Resources Working Papers series, FAO`s Forest Resources Division has just published a "Preliminary review of biotechnology in forestry, including genetic modification". The document provides a summary of four studies commissioned by FAO between 2002 and 2004 to investigate the worldwide extent and patterns of biotechnology research and application in forest trees. According to the report`s Executive Summary, "though no doubt incomplete, the resulting data set of over 2,700 major biotechnology activities (from the last 10 years) and responses to questionnaires provides a comprehensive summary of worldwide activities, particularly those in the public domain". Individual reports are provided in Appendixes 2.12.4 (Biotechnology in the forestry sector, by G. Chaix and O. Monteuuis; A global study on the state of forest tree genetic modification, by C. Walter and S. Killerby; The state of genetically modified forest trees in China, by H. Wang; Anticipated contribution to and scale of impact of biotechnology in forestry, by Y.A. El-Kassaby). The Executive Summary and Chapter 1 (Synthesis: a snapshot of the global status and trends in forest biotechnology) are both by N. Wheeler. See http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/ae574e/ae574e00.htm or contact [email protected] for more information.
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