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Сельскохозяйственные биотехнологии
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Вопросы Новостей касаются применения биотехнологий в производстве продовольствия и ведении сельского хозяйства в развивающихся странах и их главный фокус – на деятельности ФАО, других агентств / органов ООН и 15 исследовательских центров Консультативной группы по международным сельскохозяйственным исследованиям (CGIAR). Вопросы Новостей включают все секторы по производству продовольствия и ведения сельского хозяйства (семеноводство, лесное хозяйство, рыбное хозяйство / аквакультуру, животноводство, агропромышленность) и широкий спектр биотехнологий (напр., использование молекулярных рынков, искусственного осеменения, триплоидизации, биологических удобрений, микроклонального размножения, геномики, генетической модификации, и т.д.). В бюллетень новостей включены новые документы, которые доступны также на веб-странице, но для тех, кто не может их скачать или нуждаются в дальнейшей информации, предлагаются электронные адреса для контакта. Служба новостей начала функционировать в январе 2002 года, и все статьи, вышедшие с этого времени, доступны (всего за 9 лет их было 800). Новости и события с веб-страницы также рассылаются электронным путем, в форме электронного бюллетня FAO-BiotechNews, который издается на шести различных языках: арабском, английском, французском, испанском, китайском и русском. Для подписки на этот бюллетень необходимо направить электронное письмо по адресу: [email protected], с указанием электронного адреса, на который просите отправлять и на каком языке желаете получать бюллетень.
11/02/2005
A workshop on "Alleviating micronutrient malnutrition through agriculture in Bangladesh: Biofortification and diversification as long-term, sustainable solutions" was held on 22-24 April 2002 in Gazipur and Dhaka, Bangladesh, organised by the International Food Policy Research Institute, the University of Dhaka and the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur. The workshop, which aimed to improve the dialogue between agriculturists and nutritionists, involved a technical working session and a discussion working session on 22-23 April in Gazipur, followed by a closing session in Dhaka on 24 April. Proceedings of the workshop, edited by N. Roos, H.E. Bouis, N. Hassan and K.A. Kabir, are now available on the web. See http://www.ifpri.org/pubs/cp/alleviatingmal.htm or contact [email protected] for more information.
10/02/2005
On 27-30 May 2002, an international workshop on "Progress toward developing resilient crops for drought-prone areas" was held at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) headquarters, Philippines, co-sponsored by IRRI and the Rockefeller Foundation. Extended abstracts of papers presented as well as poster abstracts from the workshop are available on the web. Themes covered in the nine sessions of the workshop include detection and use of molecular markers; genetic dissection of traits related to drought tolerance; breeding and distribution of drought-tolerant maize varieties; application of genomics and proteomics to drought research; and screening protocols for effective selection of drought-tolerant rice. See http://www.irri.org/publications/limited/limited.asp?id=19 or contact [email protected] for more information.
09/02/2005
On 18-20 January 2005 an expert consultation entitled "Genetically modified organisms in crop production and their effects on the environment: Methodologies for monitoring and the way ahead" was held at FAO headquarters, Rome. It was organised by FAO`s Plant Production and Protection Division with support from the FAO Working Groups on Biodiversity and Biotechnology. See an FAO press release (in Arabic, English, French and Spanish) at http://www.fao.org/newsroom/en/news/2005/89259/index.html or contact FAO for more information. A report of the meeting will be published later.
07/02/2005
REDBIO has been carrying out a series of case studies on the management of appropriate agricultural biotechnology for small producers in individual countries. The studies for Argentina (by A. Diamante and J. Izquierdo, in Spanish), Bolivia (by T. Avila and J. Izquierdo, in English), Ecuador (by J. Wendt and J. Izquierdo, in English) and Peru (by S. Pastor, in Spanish) are now available on the web. It is also expected that the studies for Chile, Colombia, Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela will be published during 2005. REDBIO is the Technical Co-operation Network on Plant Biotechnology in Latin America and the Caribbean, based at the FAO Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean in Santiago, Chile. See http://www.redbio.org/estud_casos.htm or contact [email protected] for more information.
06/02/2005
The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) is an international expert scientific committee that has been meeting since 1956, initially to evaluate the safety of food additives and later to also include the evaluation of contaminants, naturally occurring toxicants and residues of veterinary drugs in food. To date, JECFA has evaluated more than 1300 food additives, approximately 25 contaminants and naturally occurring toxicants, and residues of approximately 80 veterinary drugs. A number of Chemical and Technical Assessments, documents which provide basic information on the identity, purity and use of a food additive, as it is related to its risk assessment, have now been made available on the web. Some of them concern food additives from genetically modified microorganisms. See http://www.fao.org/ag/AGN/jecfa/chemical_assessment_en.stm or contact [email protected] for more information.
05/02/2005
The 26th Session of the Codex Committee on Methods of Analysis and Sampling takes place 4-8 April 2005 in Budapest, Hungary. One of the items on the agenda is "Criteria for the methods for the detection and identification of foods derived from biotechnology". See http://www.fao.org/ag/agn/food/risk_biotech_detection_en.stm or contact [email protected] for further information.
04/02/2005
The latest number of the Animal Genetic Resources Information (AGRI) bulletin is now available on the web including, for example, an article on the use of microsatellite DNA markers for studying the genetic relationship between sheep breeds in Nigeria. AGRI includes articles on all aspects of the characterisation, conservation and utilisation of animal genetic resources of interest to food and agriculture production. It publishes articles in English, French or Spanish and is edited in the Animal Genetic Resources group of FAO`s Animal Production and Health Division. See http://www.fao.org/docrep/007/y5303t/y5303t02.htm or contact [email protected] for more information.
03/02/2005
The UNEP-GEF Project on Building Capacity for Effective Participation in the Biosafety Clearing House (BCH) of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety was initiated in March 2004. A consultation of regional scientists and technical experts was organised on 13-14 December 2004 in Geneva, Switzerland, to seek advice on the project. The report of the consultation, as well as the 3rd quarterly report (October-December 2004) on the project, are now available. See http://www.unep.ch/biosafety/BCH.htm or contact [email protected] for more information.
02/02/2005
The UN Millennium Project, an independent advisory body commissioned by the UN Secretary-General to advise the UN on strategies for achieving the Millennium Development Goals, presented its report, "Investing in development: A practical plan to achieve the Millennium Development Goals", to the Secretary-General on 17 January 2005. The Projects work includes 13 separate, extensive reports by specialised task forces, one of which is dedicated to "Science, Technology and Innovation". Chapter 4 of this 194-page task force report, entitled "Innovation: Applying knowledge in development" and with C. Juma and L. Yee-Cheong as lead authors, is dedicated to platform technologies with wide applicability, including biotechnology. See http://www.unmillenniumproject.org/reports/reports2.htm or contact [email protected] for more information.
01/02/2005
On 2-4 July 2002 a workshop entitled "Biodiversity, management and utilization of West African fishes" was held in Accra, Ghana, to present results from collaborative research carried out on the biodiversity of tilapias by the WorldFish Center (one of the 15 research centres supported by the CGIAR), the CSIR-Water Research Institute (in Ghana) and the University of Hamburgs Zoologisches Institut und Museum, supported by the German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ). The proceedings of the workshop, edited by E. K. Abban, C.M.V. Casal, P. Dugan and T.M. Falk, have now been published by the WorldFish Center, including topics such as the use of genetic tools for the study of fish biodiversity. See the proceedings or contact [email protected] for more information.
10/01/2005
The website of the FAO project on Capacity Building in Biosafety of GM Crops in Asia has been updated and now contains a number of new documents, including the "Benchmark document on the needs and present status of the capacity building in biosafety of GM crops in Asia" by A. Varma, where the "present status and needs of the capacity building for biosafety of GM crops in Asia are presented in the light of strengths, weaknesses and gaps in participating countries and the region as a whole". This FAO project is funded by the government of Japan and is based at the FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific in Bangkok, Thailand. See http://asiabionet.org/documents/Documents.htm or contact [email protected] for more information.
09/01/2005
The 10th Regular Session of the FAO Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture took place on 8-12 November 2004 at FAO Headquarters, Rome, Italy. One of the items on the agenda was the "Progress report on the Draft Code of Conduct on Biotechnology as it Relates to Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture". The report of the meeting is now available (in English, with Arabic, Chinese, French and Spanish versions to follow). The Commission is an international policy body with a membership of 167 countries and the European Community that holds Regular Sessions every two years. See http://www.fao.org/ag/cgrfa/docs10.htm or contact [email protected] for more information.
08/01/2005
In 2001, the Portuguese-language book "Melhoramento Genético do Cacaueiro", edited by L.A.S. Dias, was published. With the support of FAO`s Crop and Grassland Service, it has now been translated into English, entitled "Genetic Improvement of Cacao", and made available on the web. According to the abstract, it is the first publication which deals exclusively with cacao genetic improvement. The 13 chapters, written by renowned Brazilian specialists, cover topics such as clonal improvement (Chapter 9), molecular markers in breeding (Chapter 10) and new approaches in breeding (Chapter 13). See Ecoport or contact [email protected] or [email protected] for more information.
07/01/2005
As part of its FAO Legal Papers Online series, the FAO Legal Office has recently published "The legal regime for the control of invasive alien species (IAS) in Ghana: Some lessons in the implementation of treaty norms" by G.A. Sarpong. The 26-page article examines the constitutional, institutional and legislative frameworks for the implementation of the international norms for the control of IAS, including living modified organisms, in Ghana. See http://www.fao.org/Legal/prs-ol/lpo40.pdf or contact [email protected] to request a copy.
06/01/2005
An 87-page training manual, entitled "Mutant germplasm characterization using molecular markers: A manual", is now available on the web. This manual on selected molecular marker techniques was prepared by the Plant Breeding and Genetic Section of the joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture using the handouts and other materials distributed to participants of the 1st FAO/IAEA Interregional Training Course on "Mutant germplasm characterisation using molecular markers" held in Seibersdorf, Austria on 1-25 October 2001. The following techniques are covered: genomic DNA isolation, restriction analysis of genomic and plasmid DNA, gel electrophoresis, Southern transfer of genomic DNA, non-radioactive DNA hybridization, silver staining, RFLP, AFLP, SSR, ISSR and RAPD analysis, and retrotransposon-based marker systems. Each chapter starts with a short description of the method followed by a detailed stepwise protocol. See http://www.iaea.org/programmes/nafa/d2/public/d2_pbl_1_6.html or contact [email protected] to request a free copy.
05/01/2005
A joint publication of FAO/IAEA and the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP), entitled "Banana improvement: Cellular, molecular biology, and induced mutations" and edited by S.M. Jain and R. Swennen, has just been made available on the web. In 1994, the Plant Breeding and Genetic Section of the joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture started a Coordinated Research Project (CRP) entitled "Cellular biology and biotechnology including mutation techniques for creation of new useful banana genotypes". This reference book disseminates the results obtained during this CRP, together with several review papers, with the aim of "providing state of the art information on a number of biotechnological tools for adoption by breeders and molecular biologists to obtain Musa varieties with desirable characters in a more rapid and efficient way". The 30 chapters are organised in 5 major sections: a) cell and tissue culture, and mutation induction b) pests and diseases c) molecular cytogenetics d) genomics and e) genetic transformation and others. See http://www.fao.org/docrep/007/ae216e/ae216e00.htm or contact [email protected] for more information.
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