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Work Plan Implementation (Working Paper) SCS/79/WP/85 South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme Report of Consultancy on the Fish Nutrition Programme at the Changi Marine Fisheries Research Centre, Primary Production Department, Singapore |
SINGAPORE
Michael B. New
Manila, Philippines
December 1979
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5. Analytical Control of Diets
6. Experimental Design and Systems for Diet Testing
7. Future Delivery Experimental Programme
8. Tour of Fish Nutrition Laboratories
10. Animal Feedstuff Manufacture and Equipment
11. Biological Filtration and Recirculation Systems
REPORT OF CONSULTANCY ON THE FISH NUTRITION PROGRAMME
AT THE CHANGI MARINE FISHERIES RESEARCH CENTRE,
PRIMARY PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT, SINGAPORE
by
Michael New1
Following a request from the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme (SCSP), I was loaned by FAO and the Department of Fisheries Thailand to visit Singapore for discussions on the development of fish nutritional studies at the Marine Fisheries Research Centre (MFRC). The consultancy lasted a total of five days (19–24 August 1979), which was spent entirely at the MFRC (Aquaculture Centre) with one visit to the Animal Nutrition Laboratory (ANL) at the Pig and Poultry Research and Training Institute. Both establishments are part of the Primary Production Department of the Singaporean Government.
Most of my time at the MFRC was spent in detailed discussions with Mrs. Renee Chou on current and future nutritional studies on fish. Time was also spent with Mr. Chen Foo Yan, the Director of the Station at Changi Point, on general aquacultural topics and with Mr. Leslie Cheong, on Macrobrachium culture. I had the opportunity of visiting the broodstock cages for groupers and other species and the Station's mussel rafts. Mr. Chen indicated that there was a possibility of regenerating the Station's Macrobrachium programme, in line with the national policy of technological development followed by transfer to neighbouring countries, with a view to producing juveniles for ongrowing in Malaysia.
Discussions with Mrs. Chou were wide-ranging and detailed; in many ways my function was to listen to Mrs. Chou's plans for developing the nutritional programme at MFRC, comment and advice where necessary. Mrs. Chou has an excellent knowledge of the subject and welcomed the opportunity to bounce her ideas off me. Our discussions were so wide-ranging and unstructured that it is impossible, without notes, to give a full account of them. However, some of the salient topics are recounted in brief in this report.
Mrs. Chou mentioned the difficulty of producing high protein fish diets, particularly when many fish meals are lower in protein than expected. The use of Fish Protein Concentrate (FPC) and microbial proteins were discussed and the following sources identified:
| FPC | : | Mr. Sten Jonasson Astra Nutrition A/B Pack S-151 20 Sodertalje Sweden |
| : | Various sources are quoted in Halliday and Disney (1971) | |
| Microbial Protein | : | Mr. W.G. Northcroft Lord Rank Research Centre Lincoln Road High Wyconbe, Bucks UK |
| : | Dr. P. King or Dr. P. Brignall ICI Agriculture Division P.O. Box 1 Billingham Teesside TS23 1LB UK | |
| : | Mr. D.L. Knights BP Proteins Ltd. Brittanic House Moore Lane London EC 2 UK |
Methods of producing water stability in aquaculture diets, such as expansion/extrusion, extrusion through mincing or pasta machinery and the use of binders were discussed. Reference was made to summaries of available equipment and binders in papers by Forster (1972), Hastings (1979), Meyers and Zein-Eldin (1972), Meyers et al., (1972) and New (1976).
Ration formulation for both fish and crustacean diets was discussed. This included a review of ongoing work on fish diets by Mrs. Chou and on shrimp diets by Mr. New in Thailand. In the context of shrimp nutrition, reference was made to two papers by New (1976, 1979). Mr. New also mentioned that a bibliography of papers on shrimp nutrition is in preparation (New, 1980). For information on the characteristics and analysis of tropical feed ingredients, the work of Gohl (1979) is recommended.
The importance of the adequate definition of the raw materials used in nutritional studies was emphasized. For example, description of a raw material as “Peanut Meal” is inadequate, since there are great differences in the composition of extracted and extruded meals; similarly “Cotton seed Meal” does not indicate whether the meal is decorticated or not. Attempts by one worker to copy the diet of another for comparison purposes are often thwarted by this type of problem. Similarly, though workers normally report the percentage of each ingredient in a diet and the resultant theoretical analysis of the latter, actual analyses are rarely reported. Actual analysis is necessary to confirm the definition and quality of raw materials and to confirm the preparation and mixing efficiency of diet manufacture. These topics are discussed in New (1976). Analytical facilities exist at the ANL and it was not recommended that they be duplicated by MFRC.
The way in which nutritional experiments are carried out and the type of facilities used were discussed in detail. The pro's and con's of chemically defined experimental rations versus those compounded from complex raw materials; of flow-through versus recirculation systems for diet testing; and of single animals versus communities as experimental options were compared. In general, unless basic nutritional/physiological studies are being attempted, the following conditions were favoured for dietary experiments:
| Flow-through water supply | |
| Animals housed communally1 | |
| Diets made with complex, but defined materials. |
In discussions on flow-through systems, one of the practical problems which was raised was that of ensuring the same water flow to a series of experimental tasks. A simple and cheap method of doing this, which depends on maintaining a constant head of water above each row of a series of tiered tanks, without the need for expensive valves was demonstrated. Full details of this technique and of a recirculation system designed particularly for nutritional work are given in New et al., (1974).
During discussions on a more fundamental marine fish nutritional work at MFRC, the following initial programme of work was suggested:
Using a definable repeatable ingredient (such as grouper muscle tissue) as the sole source of dietary protein, define the (apparent) optimum protein level for each species on an isocaloric basis.
Using the same protein source, maintain the diets isonitrogenous at the optimum level from (i) above, while testing different oil/carbohydrate ratios.
Using the optimal oil/carbohydrate ratio from (ii) above, recheck the optimum protein level of the diet.
Refine optimum protein level and oil/carbohydrate level.
Try to mimic the amino-acid profile of the best diet from (iv) above through the use of conventional animal feedstuffs (with A-A supplementation where necessary) in a compounded diet. This diet should adhere to the optima established in (iv) above as closely as possible.
Study the effect of manipulating the fatty acid composition of the diet.
Mrs. Chou's proposed tour of foreign laboratories specializing in fish nutrition was discussed. Mrs. Chou was already aware of all the major centres. However, most of these specialize in salmonid or freshwater fish nutrition and only a few (e.g. Dr. Cowey in Aberdeen; Dr. Yone in Japan; Dr. Luquet in Ascain) have so far dealt extensively with the nutrition of marine fish. It was suggested that Mrs. Chou contact the following addresses for news of their work of fresh and marine fish diets:
| 1. | Mr. G. De Saint-Maur Delegation Aux Relations Internationales C.N.E.X.O. Boite Postale 107 Paris XVI 39 Avenue D'iena Paris (16e) France |
| 2. | Dr. P. Luquet Laboratorie Nutrition des Poissons, St. Pee/Nivelle, 64 310 Ascain, France |
| 3. | Dr. R. Metailler Centre Oceanologique de Bretagne BP 337 29 273 Brest Cedex France |
An excellent international list of workers in fish nutrition, which gives their research locations, is given by Coche (1978).
This part of our discussions was specific to the facilities available at MFRC. The use of certain rooms and various tank layouts was discussed, including tiered structures for maximizing space utilization and access. In the context of the latter aspect, access, the difficulties of reaching very low or very high tanks were mentioned. Step ladders with wheels which lock when a person climbs on them are the safest means of reaching high tanks. The design of a simple seat, mounted on castors, for obtaining easy operator access to a series of low tanks (near floor level) was given. Alternative, but much more expensive, ways of ensuring easy task accessibility, such as tanks on sliding rails (which are used in some Swedish salmonid hatcheries) were also discussed.
The major alternatives available, in terms of technique and equipment for feedstuff manufacture were reviewed. This subject is dealt with in illustrated form by Simmons (1963).
Site discussions were held on the large-scale flow-through and recirculation systems at MFRC with particular reference to the impending visit of Mr. George Cansdale (FAO Consultant). The latter has since provided assistance in improving the quality of the seawater supplied to MFRC (Cansdale, 1979). The application of biological filtration to nutrition work was also discussed (see Experimental Design).
The importance of the spectral quality of light used to illuminate experimental or production rearing system was explained. As with the possible effect of noise and vibration on growth rate and survival of aquatic species, our knowledge of the effect of the spectral quality of light on these parameters is minimal. Light intensity is sometimes mentioned and, less frequently, controlled in dietary and other experiments. Spectral quality is almost never considered, though there are instances on record where the absence of sunlight or artificial light containing a long wave UV component (which is absent in most strip lighting but present in filament lighting), has affected the survival and breeding ability of aquatic fauna.
The following personnel were met during my visit to Singapore:
| Mr. Chen Foo Yan | Director, MFRC |
| Mr. Renee Chou | Biologist, MFRC |
| Mr. Leslie Cheong | Biologist, MFRC |
| Mr. Yuan | Engineer PPD, Ministry of Natural Resources |
| Mr. Chou Kai Chih | Head, Pig and Poultry Research and Training Institute, PPD |
I wish to thank Dr. Herminio R. Rabanal, Senior Aquaculture Development Officer, SCSP, for arranging my visit to Singapore and the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme for its financial support. Additional thanks go to the Department of Fisheries, Royal Thai Government and to FAO, Rome for allowing my loan to Singapore. I wish also to thank all the staff of the Primary Production Department, Singapore, for their receptiveness and cooperation and, not the least, for their great hospitality.
Cansdale, G.S., 1979 Low-cost water filtration system. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979, SCS/79/WP/80. 73p.
Coche, A.G., 1978 Report of the Symposium on Finfish Nutrition and Feed Technology, Hamburg, 20–23 June 1978. EIFAC Tech. Paper, 31. 37p.
Forster, J.R.M., 1972 Some methods of binding prawn diets and their effects on growth and assimilation. J. Conseil Internat. 1'Explor. Mer., 34: 200–216p.
Halliday, D. and J.C. Disney, 1971 Fish protein concentrate: A review. Tropical Products Institute, London. 18p.
Hastings, W.H., 1979 Fish nutrition and fish feed manufacture. In: T.V.R. Pillay and W.A. Dill (Editors) Advances in Aquaculture (Proceedings of the FAO Kyoto Technical Conference on Aquaculture), Fishing News Books, Ltd., England
Gohl, B., 1975 Tropical feeds: Feeds information summaries and nutritive values. FAO, Rome, 1975. 661p.
Meyers, S.P. and Z.P. Zein-Eldin, 1972 Binders and pellet stability in development of crustacean diets. Proc. World Mariculture Soc., 3: 351–364p.
Meyers, S.P., D.P. Butler and W.H. Hastings, 1972 Alginates as binders for crustacean rations. Prog. Fish Cult., 34: 9–12p.
New, M.B., 1976 A review of dietary studies with shrimps and prawns. Aquaculture, 9: 101–144p.
New, M.B., 1979 Shrimp and prawn nutrition. Report of the Second Inland Aquaculture Course, National Inland Fisheries Institute, Bangkhen, Thailand, June-August 1979. 254–280p.
New, M.B., J.P. Scholl, J.C. McCarty, et al., 1974 A recirculation system for experimental aquaria. Aquaculture, 3: 95–103p.
New, M.B., 1980 Shrimp and prawn nutrition: A selected bibliography. Aquaculture, (in preparation)
Simmons, N.O., 1963 Feed milling. Leonard Hill (Books) Limited, London, England: 377p.
The following references to literature not cited in this report are provided for additional information:
Cowey, C.B., J. Adron and A. Blair, 1970 Studies on the nutrition of marine flatfish. The essential amino acid requirement of plaice and sole. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K., 50: 80–95p.
Cowey, C.B. and J.P. Stevenson, 1979 Advances in fish nutrition. Scan, 22: 84–87p.
De Silva, S.S. and F. Balbontin, 1974 Laboratory studies on food intake, growth and food conversion of young herring, Clupea harengus. J. Fish Biol., 6: 645–658p.
Harpster, B.V., D.E. Roberts and G.E. Bruger, 1977 Growth and food conversion in juvenile southern seabass, Centropristis melana, fed commercial and semi-natural diets. Proc. World Maricult. Soc., 8: 309–795p.
Mertz, E.T., 1969 Fish in research: Amino acid and protein requirement of fish. Academic Press. 233–244p.
Ogino, C., 1979 The present situation of studies on fish nutrition. Proc. 7th Japan - Soviet Joint Symp. Aquaculture, Sept. 1978, Tokyo, 11–18p.
Rumsey, G.L., 1977 Fish nutrition, recent advances. In: Diseases of Cultured Salmonids. University of Washington
Watanabe, T., 1979 Nutritional quality of living feeds used in seed production of fish. Proc. 7th Japan-Soviet-Joint Symp. Aquaculture, Sept. 1978, Tokyo. 49–57p.
Yone, Y., 1979 The utilization of carbohydrate by fishes. Proc. 7th Japan-Soviet Joint Symp. Aquaculture, Sept. 1979, Tokyo. 39–48p.
Yone, Y., S. Sakanoto and M. Furuichi, 1974 Studies on nutrition of red sea bream - IX. The basal diet for nutrition studies. Rep. Fish. Res. Lab. Kyushu Univ., 2: 13–24p.
Zeitoun, I.H., D.E. Ullrey, W.T. Magee, et al., 1976 Quantifying nutrient requirements of fish. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canad., 33: 167–172p.
Anon., 1973 Nutrient requirements of trout, salmon and catfish. (Nutrient requirements of domestic animals No. 11). National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. 57p.
Anon., The production of fish meal and oil. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper, 142: 54p.
Coche (1978) lists the titles of the papers given at the Symposium on Finfish Nutrition and Feed Technology, held in Hamburg in 1978. These have now been published1 and, besides 18 review papers on all aspect of fish nutrition, include the following experience papers of particular interest to workers in marine fish nutrition:
| E/5 | Shimeno, S., H. Hosokawa and M. Takeda, The importance of carbohydrates in the diet of a carnivorous fish |
| E/16 | Paperna, I., Systematic granulomatosis, a diet related disease in gilt-head bream, Sparus aurata, in marine culture |
| E/18 | Bergstrom, E., Experiments on the use of single cell proteins in Atlantic salmon diets |
| E/20 | Pfeffer, E. and A. Pieper, Application of the factorial approach for deriving nutrient requirements of growing fish |
| E/26 | Goldblatt, M.J., D.E. Conklin and N. Duane Brown, Nutrient leaching from pelleted rations |
| E/28 | Aquacop, Equipment pour fabriquer des granules par voie humide destines aux animaux marins |
| E/31 | Scott, A.P. and S.M. Baynes, The effect of unicellular algae on survival and growth of turbot larvae (Scophthalmus maximus) |
| E/32 | Gulbrandsen, K.E., Experiments with red feed (Calanus finimarchicus) and Krill (Meganyetiphanes norvegica) as protein sources in feeds to coal-fish (Pollachius virens) |
| E/34 | Bromley, P.J., The weaning of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) and sole (Solea solea) on dry diets |
PUBLICATIONS OF THE
SOUTH CHINA SEA FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT AND COORDINATING PROGRAMME
WORKING PAPERS
| SCS/74/WP/1 | Rabanal, H.R. The potentials of aquaculture development in the Indo-Pacific Region. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1974. 34p. |
| SCS/74/WP/2 | Crutchfield, J.A., D.A. Lawson and G.K. Moore. Malaysia - Legal and institutional aspects of fisheries development. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1974. 27p. |
| SCS/74/WP/3 | Marr, J.C. Republic of Vietnam - Legal and institutional aspects of fisheries development. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1974. 20p. |
| SCS/74/WP/4 | Larsson, S.O.R., G.C.A. Van Noort and E.O. Oswald. Malaysia - A report on artisanal fisheries of Peninsular Malaysia with parti- cular reference to Kuala Besut. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 58p. |
| SCS/75/WP/5 | Rabanal, H.R. Irian Jaya, Indonesia - Survey of possibilities and recommendations for development of brackishwater fish production. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 27p. |
| SCS/75/WP/6 | Tussing, A.R. Fishery development perspectives. Sub-Region V: South China Sea. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. (IPFC/74/Sym/7). 23p. |
| SCS/75/WP/7 | Murdoch, W.R. and M.A. Myers. Republic of Singapore - An assess- ment of the Jurong Fishing Harbour complex and expansion site on the east bank of the Jurong River. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 46p. |
| SCS/75/WP/8 | Peterson, C.L., K.J. Rosenberg and A.C. Simpson. Regional - Trip reports of chartered purse seine vessels Royal Venture and Southward Ho covering voyages I and II. Dec. 1–13, 1974 and Jan. 5 - Feb. 3, 1975. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 37p. |
| SCS/75/WP/9 | Oswald, E.O. and R.E.K.D. Lee. Regional - A proposal for a live bait pole-and-line tuna fishing survey in the South China Sea and adjacent waters. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Pro- gramme, 1975. 38p. |
| SCS/75/WP/10 | Rosenberg, K.J. and A.C. Simpson. Regional - Trip reports of chartered purse seine vessels Royal Venture and Southward Ho covering voyage 3. 9 February to 26 March 1975. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 28p. |
| SCS/75/WP/11 | Peterson, C.L. Regional - Resource survey of larger pelagic fish. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 32p. |
| SCS/75/WP/12 | Rosenberg, K.J., A.C. Simpson and C.M. Renwick. Regional - Trip reports of chartered purse seine vessels Royal Venture and South- ward Ho covering voyage 4. 9 April to 24 May 1975. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 36p. |
| SCS/75/WP/13 | Baum, G.A. Kuala Besut II - A supplementary report on selected socio-economic aspects and problems in a fisherman's community on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 43p. |
| SCS/75/WP/14 | Cuerden, C. Library services for the South China Sea Fisheries Programme and its participating countries. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 48p. |
| SCS/75/WP/15 | Lawson, R.M. Malaysia - An interim report on socio-economic aspects of the development of artisanal fisheries on the East Coast of Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 29p. |
| SCS/75/WP/16 | Jamandre, T.J. and H.R. Rabanal. Engineering aspects of brackish water aquaculture in the South China Sea region. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 96p. |
| SCS/75/WP/17 | Murdoch, W.R. Malaysia - Assessment of the viability and poten- tial of the joint venture, Majuikan Mideast Sdn Bhd, Kuching, Sarawak, as requested by Lembaga Majuikan, Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 16p. (Restricted) |
| SCS/75/WP/18 | Cleaver, W.D. Malaysia - A preliminary design and general arrangement for an offshore purse seine vessel for the East Coast of West Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 35p. |
| SCS/75/WP/19 | Pischedda, J.L. Republic of the Philippines - Legal and insti- tutional aspects in the development of the fishing industry. Preliminary observations and identification of the main obstacles. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975 35p. |
| SCS/75/WP/20 | Simpson, A.C. Regional - Acoustic surveys of pelagic resources Report No. 1. Gulf of Thailand, July 1975. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 28p. |
| SCS/75/WP/21 | Cintas, D. and C.M. Renwick. Regional - Report of aerial survey for schooling pelagic fish. 1. Philippine waters, 12–29 June 1975. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 28p. |
| SCS/76/WP/22 | Baum, G.A. and J.A. Maynard. Tobuan/Sual, Pangasinan Province Central Luzon - A socio-economic study on a rural fishing population in Central Luzon in connection with the Municipal Fisheries Pilot Programme. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 44p. |
| SCS/76/WP/23 | Baum, G.A. and J.A. Maynard. Panigayan, Lampinigan, Baluk-Baluk and Manangal, Basilan Province. A socio-economic study on four fishermen's communities affiliated to the Basilan Fishing Association (BFA/Isabela in connection with the Municipal Fisheries Pilot Programme). Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 62p. |
| SCS/76/WP/24 | Barica, J. Nutrient-dynamics in eutrophic inland waters used for aquaculture in some countries bordering the South China Sea with particular reference to mass fish mortalities. Proposal for monitoring programmes, Philippines, Thailand and Hong Kong. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 43p. |
| SCS/76/WP/25 | Rosenberg, K.J., A.C. Simpson and J.A. Maynard. Regional - Trip reports of chartered purse seine vessels Royal Venture and South- ward Ho covering voyages 5 and 6. 13 June to 10 September 1975. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 52p. |
| SCS/76/WP/26 | Moore, G.K. Malaysia - Legal and institutional aspects of fisheries development. (2nd working paper). Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 38p. |
| SCS/76/WP/27 | Wheeland, H.A. Malaysia - Preliminary observations and recommen- dations concerning the fisheries statistics programme of Penin- sular Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 22p. |
| SCS/76/WP/28 | Maynard, J.A. Regional - Report of aerial survey for schooling pelagic fish. II. Thailand - 20 November to 1 December 1975. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 20p. |
| SCS/76/WP/29 | Baum, G.A. and J.A. Maynard. Salay, Misamis Oriental Province - A socio-economic study on the fishing population of the seven coastal barrios of Salay Municipality in connection with the Municipal Fisheries Pilot Programme. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 47p. (Country - Philippines) |
| SCS/76/WP/30 | Murdoch, W.R. Hong Kong - A preliminary feasibility study to prosecute offshore pelagic stocks from Hong Kong. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 27p. |
| SCS/76/WP/31 | Johnson, R.F. Preliminary report on aquatic pollution in the South China Sea Region. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 34p. |
| SCS/76/WP/32 | Wheeland, H.A. Preliminary observations and recommendations concerning the fisheries statistics programme of Singapore. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 21p. |
| SCS/76/WP/33 | Baum, G.A. and J.A. Maynard. Coron/Tagumpay - Busuanga Island/ Calamianes Group (Palawan Province). A socio-economic study on two rural fishing populations in northern Palawan in connec- tion with the Municipal Fisheries Pilot Programme. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 112p. |
| SCS/76/WP/34 | Jones, R. Mesh regulations in the demersal fisheries of the South China Sea area. Regional. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 79p. |
| SCS/76/WP/35 | Simpson, A.C. and S. Chikuni. Progress report on fishing for tuna in Philippine waters by FAO chartered purse seiners. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 38p. |
| SCS/76/WP/36 | Bonga, O.B. Vessel specifications and drawings for two 10 m multi-purpose fishing vessels for the small scale fisheries project - Kuala Besut. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Pro- gramme, 1976. 36p. |
| SCS/76/WP/37 | Shang, Y.C. Economics of various management techniques for pond culture of finfish. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 36p. |
| SCS/76/WP/38 | Johnson, H.N. Malaysia - A preliminary study of investment opportunities for the development of small-scale fisheries on east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 21p. |
| SCS/76/WP/39 | Shang, Y.C. Follow-up programmes on economics of aquaculture in the South China Sea Region. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 19p. |
| SCS/76/WP/40 | Cook, H.L. Problems in shrimp culture in the South China Sea Region. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 50p. |
| SCS/76/WP/41 | Johnson, H., J. Dibbs and R. Nasoetion. Indonesia - A prelimi- nary assessment for small-scale fisheries development in Riau, North Sumatra and West Kalimantan Provinces. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 51p. |
| SCS/76/WP/42 | Baum, G.A. and J.A. Maynard. Bayawan Municipality, Negros Oriental Province/Negros. A socio-economic study on the rural fishing population of Bayawan Municipality in connection with the Municipal Fisheries Pilot Programme. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 33p. (Country - Philippines) |
| SCS/76/WP/43 | Maynard, J.A. Philippines - Report on aerial survey for school- ing pelagic fish in waters of the South China Sea and Sulu Sea adjacent to Palawan Island, 9–12 March 1976. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 17p. |
| SCS/76/WP/44 | Chakraborty, D. Fisheries statistics in the Philippines - A plan for a new and expanded data collection programme. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 70p. |
| SCS/76/WP/45 | Marr, J.C., G. Campleman and W.R. Murdoch. Thailand - An analysis of the present and recommendations for future fishery development and management policies, programmes and institu- tional arrangements. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Pro- gramme, 1976. 185p. (Restricted) |
| SCS/76/WP/46 | Cleaver, W. and O.B. Bonga. Thailand - Preliminary design, general arrangement and lines plans for two pelagic purse- seine/midwater trawl research vessel, 27.5 m and 24 m lengths. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. |
| SCS/76/WP/47 | Cleaver, W. Hong Kong - A preliminary design, general arrange- ment and specifications for a combination pelagic/demersal research vessel. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. |
| SCS/76/WP/48 | Simpson, A.C. and W.R. Murdoch. Regional - Trip reports of chartered purse seine vessel Royal Venture - Trips Nos. 7 & 8. 1 October to February 1976. Area - Moro Gulf. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 17p. |
| SCS/76/WP/49 | Simpson, A.C. Regional - Trip reports of chartered vessel Southward Ho - Trips 7 & 8. 11 September 1975 to March 1976. Areas - Malaysia and Thailand. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 33p. |
| SCS/76/WP/50 | Simpson, A.C. Regional - Trip reports of chartered purse seine vessel Royal Venture and Southward Ho - Trip No. 9. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 22p. |
| SCS/76/WP/51 | Simpson, A.C. Regional - Trip reports of chartered purse seine vessel Southward Ho - Trips 10 and 11. 15 April to 8 August 1976. Area - East, North and West Coasts Luzon Island, Bohol Sea, Sulu Sea, Moro Gulf. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 20p. |
| SCS/76/WP/52 | Simpson, A.C. Wheeland, H.A. Statistics for fisheries development. Regional. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 11p. |
| SCS/76/WP/53 | Christy, L.C. Republic of the Philippines - Legal and insti- tutional aspects of fisheries development. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 65p. (Restricted) |
| SCS/76/WP/54 | Maynard, J.A. Philippines - Province of Tawi-Tawi project identification and semi-detailed feasibility study relative to improving the status of small-scale fishermen and creating an integrated fishing industry in the Province of Tawi-Tawi. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 110p. |
| SCS/77/WP/55 | Oswald, E.O. & J.A. Maynard. Thailand - Proposed small-scale fisheries pilot project for Ban Ao Makam Pom, Rayong Province. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1977. |
| SCS/77/WP/56 | Murdoch, W.R. & P.S. Walczak. Regional - Trip reports of chartered purse seine vessel. Southward Ho covering voyage 12. Area - waters of the Sulu Sea. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1977. 11p. |
| SCS/77/WP/57 | Murdoch, W.R. & P.S. Walczak. Regional - Trip reports of chartered purse seine vessels Southward Ho and Royal Venture covering voyage 13. Area - mainly Moro Gulf, Philippines. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1977. 18p. |
| SCS/77/WP/58 | Simpson, A.C., W.R. Murdoch. Regional - Trip reports of chartered purse seine vessel Southward Ho covering voyages nos. 14 and 15. Area - Moro Gulf. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1977. 15p. |
| SCS/77/WP/59 | Murdoch, W.R. & P.S. Walczak. Regional - Trip reports of chartered purse seine vessel Southward Ho covering voyages nos. 16 and 17. Area - Waters of the Moro Gulf. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1977. 23p. |
| SCS/77/WP/60 | Doty, M.S. Seaweed resources and their culture in the countries of the South China Sea Region. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1977. 19p. |
| SCS/77/WP/61 | Rabanal, H.R. et al. Shellfisheries of Thailand: Background and proposal for development. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1977. 14p. |
| SCS/77/WP/62 | Chakraborty, D. Observations and recommendations concerning the fisheries statistics programme of Hong Kong. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1977. 14p. |
| SCS/77/WP/63 | Chakraborty, D. Observations and recommendations concerning the inland fisheries statistics programme of Thailand. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1977. 15p. |
| SCS/77/WP/64 | Hansen, K.A., P. Lovseth and A.C. Simpson. Acoustic surveys of pelagic resources. Report No. 2. Hong Kong, Nov. 1976. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1977. 24p. |
| SCS/77/WP/65 | Christy, L.C. Republic of the Philippines - Legal and insti- tutional aspects of fisheries development. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1977. 55p. |
| SCS/77/WP/66 | Murdoch, W.R. et al. A proposal for a small-scale fisheries pilot project in the Pulau Tujuh (Seven Islands) area, Riau Archipelago District, Riau Province, Indonesia, Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1977. 69p. |
| SCS/77/WP/67 | Moore, G. Malaysia - A new fisheries bill. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1977. 56p. |
| SCS/77/WP/68 | Gedney, R.H. Water supply of the fishery development centre in freshwater aquaculture at Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1977. 20p. |
| SCS/78/WP/69 | Chan, W.L. et al. Cage culture of marine fish in East Coast Peninsular Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 66p. |
| SCS/78/WP/70 | Lee, R.E.K.D. Results of small-scale live bait pole-and-line fishing explorations for tuna in the Philippines. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 41p. |
| SCS/78/WP/71 | Moore, G. Legal and institutional aspects of fisheries management and development - a new licensing system, Thailand. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 23p. (Restricted) |
| SCS/78/WP/72 | Angeles, H.G. Preliminary fish and resources survey along the coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. |
| SCS/78/WP/73 | De la Cruz, Y.T. Malaysia - Small-scale fishermen credit and subsidy programmes - Implementing guideline recommendations (with particular reference to the Kuala Besut Fishermen's Association). Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 50p. |
| SCS/78/WP/74 | Chikuni, S. Report on fishing for tuna in Philippine waters by FAO chartered purse seiners. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. (Published as SCS/DEV/78/18) |
| SCS/78/WP/75 | Fyson, J.E. Fishing vessel design proposals for small-scale artisanal fisheries in the Philippines. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. |
| SCS/78/WP/76 | Lau F. and Cheng Chor Luk. Recent innovations in the cage culture activity at Kuala Besut small-scale fisheries pilot project, Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 16p. |
| SCS/78/WP/77 | Wheeland, H.A. Proposal for further development of fishery statistics programmes in developing countries with particular reference to the South China Sea region. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 6p. |
| SCS/78/WP/78 | Moore, G. Legal and institutional aspects of fisheries management and development - A second Interim Report (Thailand). Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 37p. (Restricted) |
| SCS/79/WP/79 | Jonasson G. and Paisal Katanyuwong. Review of fishing activities of the small-scale fisheries project in Kuala Besut, Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 23p. |
| SCS/79/WP/80 | Cansdale, G.S. Low-coast water filtration system. Manila, Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 73p. |
| SCS/79/WP/81 | Lisac, H. Some technical aspects of small-scale fish landing facilities. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 32p. |
| SCS/79/WP/82 | Chakraborty, D. Catch analysis of fishermen in Kuala Besut, Peninsular Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 59p. |
| SCS/79/WP/83 | Thompson, B.G. Thailand - Management of fisheries data - Feasibility of computerization. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 24p. |
| SCS/79/WP/84 | Cansdale, G.S. Report on second regional consultancy low-cost water filtration. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. |
NOTE: Copies of these papers can be obtained by writing to the Programme in Manila, Philippines.
COORDINATING COMMITTEE REPORTS
| SCSP: | 74/1 | REP | Report of the Ad Hoc Coordinating Committee Meeting of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. Manila, 18–19 June 1974. 27p. |
| SCSP: | 74/2 | REP | Report of the first session of the Coordinating Committee of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. Jakarta, Indonesia, 6 November 1974. Rome, FAO, 1974. 22p. |
| SCSP: | 76/3 | REP | Report of the second srssion of the Coordinating Committee of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. Manila, 9 April 1976. 16p. |
| SCSP: | 77/4 | REP | Report of the third session of the Coordinating Committee of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. Manila, 24–25 February 1977. 19p. |
| SCSP: | 77/5 | REP | Report of the fourth session of the Coordinating Committee of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. Manila, 11–12 October 1977. 21p. |
| SCSP: | 78/6 | REP | Report of the fifth session of the Coordinating Committee of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. Manila, 11 March 1978. 16p. |
| SCSP: | 78/7 | REP | Report of the sixth session of the Coordinating Committee of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. Manila, 28–29 September 1978. |
| SCSP: | 79/8 | REP | Report of the seventh session of the Coordinating Committee of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. Rome, 11–16 October 1979. |
WORKSHOP REPORTS
| SCS/GEN/74/1 | Report of the workshop on planning and coordinating of resources survey and evaluation in the South China Sea. 28 August to 4 September 1974. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1974. 197p. |
| SCS/GEN/76/2 | Report of the workshop on the fishery resources of the Malacca Strait. Part I. Jakarta, 29 March to 2 April 1976. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 89p. |
| SCS/GEN/76/3 | Report of workshop on legal and institutional aspects of fishery resources management and development. 5–8 April 1976. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 95p. |
| SCS/GEN/76/4 | Report on the training workshop for field enumerators of the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources - Philippines. 22–31 March 1976 by D. Chakraborty and H. Wheeland. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 32p. |
| SCS/GEN/76/5 | UNDP/FAO Training Course on the management of small-scale fishery enterprises. Kuala Trengganu, Malaysia. 25 August to 26 September 1975. Rome, FAO, 1976. 14p. |
| SCS/GEN/77/6 | Report of the workshop on the fishery resources of the Malacca Strait - Part II. Jakarta, 29 March to 2 April 1976. South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 85p. |
| SCS/GEN/76/7 | Report of the BFAR/SCSP workshop on the fishery resources of the Visayan and Sibuyan area. Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines. 18–22 October 1976. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 26p. |
| SCS/GEN/76/8 | Philippines - Report seminar on the fisheries statistics survey of the Bureau of fisheries and Aquatic Resources. 23 July 1976. DNR/BFAR/SCSP, Manila, 1976. 17p. |
| SCS/GEN/76/9 | Report of the consultative group meeting on small-scale fisheries development in the South China Sea region. 13–15 December 1976. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 140p. |
| SCS/GEN/77/10 | Report on the training workshop on fisheries statistics, Malaysia, 12–21 October 1976. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1977. 27p. |
| SCS/GEN/77/11 | Report on the BFAR/SCSP workshop on fishery resources of the Sulu Sea and Moro Gulf areas, 25–29 April 1977, Cagayan de Oro. Manila, 1977. 58p. |
| SCS/GEN/77/12 | Report of the workshop on the demersal resources, Sunda Shelf. Part I. Nov. 7–11, 1977. Penang, Malaysia. Manila South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 58p. |
| SCS/GEN/77/13 | Report of the workshop on the demersal resources, Sunda Shelf. Part II. Nov. 7–11, 1977. Penang, Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 120p. |
| SCS/GEN/77/14 | Joint SCSP/SEAFDEC workshop on aquaculture engineering (with emphasis on small-scale aquaculture projects) Vol. 1 - General Report. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. v.p. |
| SCS/GEN/77/15 | Joint SCSP/SEAFDEC workshop on aquaculture engineering (with emphasis on small-scale aquaculture projects) Vol. 2 - Technical Report. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 463p. |
| SCS/GEN/77/16 | A layout of standard tables of fishery statistics in the Philippines. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 162p. |
| SCS/GEN/77/17 | Report of the workshop on the biology and resources of mackerels (Rastrelliger spp.) and round scads (Decapterus spp.) in the South China Sea. Part I. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 70p. |
| SCS/GEN/78/18 | Report of the workshop on management of resources of the Sunda Shelf, Malacca Strait and related areas. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 14p. |
| SCS/GEN/78/19 | Report of the BFAR/SCSP workshop on the fishery resources of the Pacific Coast of the Philippines. 18–22 September 1978. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 48p. |
| SCS/GEN/79/20 | Report of the workshop on demersal and pelagic fish resources of the Java Sea. 5–9 December 1978. Semarang, Indonesia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 60p. |
| SCS/GEN/79/21 | Report of the workshop on the tuna resources of Indonesia and Philippine waters. Jakarta, 20–23 March 1979. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 35p. |
| SCS/GEN/79/22 | Report of the BFAR/SCSP workshop on the fishery resources of the north Luzon and Western Coasts of Luzon, 18–20 April 1979, Manila, Philippines. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 57p. |
| SCS/GEN/79/23 | Report on training course in fishery statistics. 2 October–10 November 1978, Manila, Philippines. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. v.p. |
| SCS/GEN/79/24 | Report of the consultation meeting on management of tuna resources of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. 26–29 June, 1979, Manila, Philippines. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. |
SCS MANUALS
| SCS Manuals No. 1 | Handbook on field identification of fishes, crustaceans molluscs, shells, and important aquatic plants. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 60p. |
PERIODIC PROGRESS REPORTS
| SCS/PR/74/1 | Woodland, A.G. Project progress report of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. 1 July to 31 December 1974. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1974. 19p. |
| SCS/PR/75/2 | Woodland, A.G. Project progress report of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. 1 January to 30 June 1975. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 40p. |
| SCS/PR/75/3 | Woodland, A.G. Project progress report of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. 1 July to 31 December 1975. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 38p. |
| SCS/PR/76/4 | Woodland, A.G. Project progress report of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. 1 January to 31 December 1976. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 47p. |
| SCS/PR/77/5 | Woodland, A.G. Project progress report of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. 1 January to 30 June 1977. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1977. 37p. |
| SCS/PR/77/66 | Woodland, A.G. Project progress report of the South China Sea Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. 1 July to 31 December 1977. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1977. 19p. |
| SCS/PR/78/7 | Woodland, A.G. Project progress report of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. 1 January to 30 June 1978. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 12p. |
| SCS/PR/78/8 | Woodland, A.G. Project progress report of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. 1 July to 31 December 1978. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 11p. |
| SCS/PR/79/9 | Woodland, A.G. Project progress report of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. 1 January to 30 June 1979. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 12p. |
FISHERIES TECHNICAL PAPERS
| SCS/DEV/73/1 | Woodland, A.G. et al. The South China Sea Fisheries: A proposal for accelerated development. Rome, FAO, 1974. 162p. |
| SCS/DEV/73/2 | Yamamoto, T. Review of marine fishery statistical system in countries bordering the South China Sea, and proposals for their improvement. Rome, FAO, 1973. 46p. (Cover title: The South China Sea Fisheries Statistical Systems) |
| SCS/DEV/73/3 | Aoyama, T. The demersal fish stocks and fisheries of the South China Sea. Rome, FAO, 1973. 80p. (Cover title: The South China Sea Fisheries Demersal Resources) |
| SCS/DEV/73/4 | Kume, S. Tuna resources in the South China Sea. Rome, FAO, 1973. 18p. |
| SCS/DEV/73/5 | Ling, S. Status, potential and development of coastal aquaculture in the countries bordering the South China Sea. Rome, FAO, 1973. 51p. (Cover title: The South China Sea Fisheries Aquaculture Development) |
| SCS/DEV/73/6 | Menasveta, D. et al. Pelagic fishery resources of the South China Sea and prospects for their development. Rome, FAO, 1973. (Cover title: The South China Sea Fisheries Pelagic Resources) |
| SCS/DEV/73/7 | Mistakidis, M.N. The crustacean resources and related fisheries in the countries bordering the South China Sea. (Cover title: The South China Sea Fisheries Fisheries Crustacean Resources) |
| SCS/DEV/73/8 | Ruckes, E. Fish utilization, marketing and trade in countries bordering the Sputh China Sea - status and programme proposals. Rome, FAO, 1973. 33p. (Cover title: The South China Sea Fisheries Marketing and Trade) |
| SCS/DEV/73/9 | Doucet, F.J. et al. Institutional and legal aspects affecting fishery development in selected countries bordering the South China Sea. Rome, FAO, 1973. 32p. (Cover title: The South China Sea Fisheries Institutional Legal Aspects) |
| SCS/DEV/76/11 | Development potential of selected fishery products in the regional member countries of the Asian Development Bank. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 107p. (ADB/FAO Market Studies) |
| SCS/DEV/76/11 (Appendix 1) | Fishery country profiles. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 173p. (ADB/FAO Market Studies) |
| SCS/DEV/76/12 | The international market for shrimp. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 105p. (ADB/FAO Market Studies) |
| SCS/DEV/76/13 | The international market for tuna. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 69p. (ADB/FAO Market Studies) |
| SCS/DEV/76/14 | The international market for crab. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976, 49. (ADB/FAO Market Studies) |
| SCS/DEV/76/15 | The international market for lobster. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 46p. (ADB/FAO Market Studies) |
| SCS/DEV/76/16 | The international market for cephalopods. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 95p. (ADB/FAO Market Studies) |
| SCS/DEV/76/17 | The European canned fish market: Prospects for Rastrelliger spp. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 56p. (ADB/FAO Market Studies) |
| SCS/DEV/78/18 | Chikuni, S., A.C. Simpson and W.R. Murdoch. Test fishing for tuna and small pelagic species: Reports on the operation of FAO chartered purse seiners in Philippine and South China Sea waters, 1974–1977. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. v.p. |
| SCS/DEV/79/19 | Pope, J. Stock assessment in multispecies fisheries with special reference to the trawl fishery in the Gulf of Thailand. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 106p. |
FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Eastern Indian Ocean (Fishing area 57) and Western Central Pacific (Fishing area 71) Rome, FAO, 1974. 4 vols.
TECHNICAL REPORTS CONTRIBUTED TO SYMPOSIA/MEETINGS, ETC.
Rabanal, H.R. 1975 FAO activities in inland fisheries and aquaculture with particular reference to Asia and the Far East. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 17p. (Contributed to the First Fisheries Research Congress, Philippine Council for Agriculture and Resources Research, 7–10 March 1975, Legaspi City, Philippines)
Rabanal, H.R. 1975 Preliminary report on the Macrobrachium fishery in the Indo-Pacific region. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 20p. (Contributed to the International Conference on Prawn Farming, Vung Rau, Vietnam, 31 March - 4 April 1975)
Rabanal, H.R. 1975 Distribution and occurrence of milkfish Chanos chanos (Forskal). Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 18p. (Contributed to the National Bangus Symposium. Manila, 25–26 July 1975)
Rabanal, H.R. 1976 Mangrove and their utilization for aquaculture. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 20p. (Contributed to the National Workshop on Mangrove Ecology held in Phuket, Thailand, 10–16 January 1976)
Rabanal, H.R. 1976 Report of project identification misson to Bangladesh on inland fisheries and aquaculture. Manila, Asian Development Bank. 56p.
Rabanal, H.R. 1976 Aquaculture 1976: Focus Southeast Asia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 12p. (Talk delivered at the National Convention of the Federation of Fish Producers of the Philippines, Iloilo City, 26 August 1976)
Simpson, 1976 A.C. Some proposals for research related to the understanding of mangrove ecology and the utilization of mangrove areas. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 10p. (Contributed to the National Workshop on Mangrove Ecology held in Phuket, Thailand, 10–16 January 1976)
Cook, H.L. 1976 Some aspects of shrimp culture research with particular reference to Philippine species. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 7p. (Contributed to the Philippine Council for Agriculture and Resources Research (PCARR) Fisheries Workshop, Subic, Zambales, Philippines, 15–17 January 1976)
Rabanal, H.R. 1976 The resources in inland waters: their utilization and management. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 21p. (Talk delivered before the Phi Sigma Biological Society as a contribution to the Deogracias V. Villadolid Memorial lecture series. Manila, Philippines, 26 November 1976)
Rabanal, H.R. 1977 Aquaculture in the Philippines. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 15p. (Talk delivered before the United States Peace Corps Volunteers, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines - 11 January 1977)
Rabanal, H.R. 1977 Aquaculture in Southeast Asia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 10p. (Paper contributed to the Fifth FAO/SIDA Workshop on Aquatic Pollution in relation to Protection of Living Resources. Manila, Philippines, 17–27 February 1977)
Simpson, A.C. 1977 Fisheries research and development in the Philippines: Some recommendations with special reference to resource management. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 16p.
Rabanal, H.R. 1977 Aquaculture management. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 12p. (Contribution to the BFAR/FAO-UNDP Training of Regional Trainors in Aquaculture. Lucena, Quezon, Philippines, 19 September to 27 October 1977)
Rabanal, H.R. 1977 Recent trends in aquaculture. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 13p. (Paper contributed to the Seminar/Workshop for Fishery Schools' Administrators, conducted by the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources. Manila, Philippines, 24–28 October 1977)
Rabanal, H.R. 1977 Forest conservation and aquaculture development of mangroves. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 15p. (Paper contributed to the International Workshop on Mangrove and Estuarine Area Development for the Indo-Pacific region. 14–19 November 1977, Manila Philippines)
Rabanal, H.R. and R.O. Juliano. 1979 Aquaculture extension: How it could be a potent force in fisheries development in the ASEAN region. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. (Paper contributed to the First ASEAN Seminar/Workshop on Fisheries Extension, Manila 18–25 February 1979)
Thomson, D.B. 1979 Marine fisheries extension. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 41p. (Paper contributed to the first ASEAN Seminar/ Workshop on Fisheries Extension, Manila, 18–25 February, 1979)
Thomson, D.B. 1979 Training requirements of the fisheries of Southeast Asia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 11p. (Paper presented at the SEAFDEC Consultative Meeting on Fisheries Training, Bangkok, 14–18 May 1979)
Rabanal, H.R. 1979 Production and recent innovation in design and management in aquaculture industry in Southeast Asia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 7p. (Paper contributed to the Asian Seminar and Tour sponsored by the Bank of America, Manila, 6–9 November 1979)
Thomson, D.B. 1979 The challenge of 1980's for fisheries education, training and extension. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 11p. (Paper presented at the First International Symposium on Fishery Education, Fish Processing and Marketing Systems. Mexico, December 1979)
