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Work Plan Implementation (Working Paper) SCS/79/WP/80 SOUTH CHINA SEA FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT AND COORDINATING PROGRAMME LOW-COST WATER FILTRATION SYSTEM FOR FISH FARMS, FISH MARKETS AND VILLAGE DRINKING WATER SUPPLIES |
by
George S. Cansdale,
B.A., B.Sc., F.L.S., M.I.W.E.S.
Consultant
Manila, Philippines
February 1979
NOTICE OF COPYRIGHT
The copyright in this publication is vested in the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. This publication may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, by any method or process, without written permission from the copyright holder. Applications for such permission with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction desired, should be made through and addressed to the Programme Leader, South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme, P. O. Box 1184, MCC, Makati, Metro-Manila, Philippines
Project Document Identification
Work Plan Activity: 4 (e) (f)
4. Aquaculture
The objective will be to establish a programme of action for aquaculture development through the improvement of cultural practices in existing areas in particular countries, and the development of new areas. The Work Plan will be implemented through a permanent South China Sea Programme staff member and consultants. The work of consultants will usually be carried out in the individual countries; there will also be desk studies and consultations at the Programme's headquarters. The work will commence in 1974, and will continue over five years of the Programme. The work will involve:
Assistance in training of technical personnel - Training of technical personnel through fellowships and regional activities, e.g. working parties.
Aquatic pollution - It is intended to include on the staffing for Phase II specialization in aquatic pollution. Consultants should assist participating countries to minimize the impact of pollution, and elaborate and formulate project proposals for UNDP and/or bilateral agencies for possible funding. Programmes should include the protection of living aquatic resources from the influence of domestic and industrial wastes, related legal aspects of pollution control, industrial development and pollution, and advice on national monitoring programmes. Funds should be allocated under the fellowship component to allow for trained personnel in the region to travel to appropriate working parties.
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2.1.3 Possible application of SWS system in Sukabumi region
2.3 Jepara - Brackishwater Aquaculture Development Centre
2.12 General Conclusions - Java
3.2 Training Centre near Lucena City
3.6 Manila Pineapple Corporation Estate
APPENDICES
Appendix 1 Application of SWS System to Fish Ponds
Appendix 2 Use of SWS Unit as Take-Off for Gravity Sand Filters
Appendix 3 Fresh Water Supply for Camplong
Appendix 4 Programme to Test Feasibility of Sub-Sand Supply for Muara Angke
Appendix 5 Filtration for Salt or Freshwater Tanks
Appendix 6 Abstraction of Clean Sea Water at Navotas, Manila
Appendix 7 Use of Stainless Steel Screen Wells
Appendix 9 Gravel/Sand as Filter Media
Appendix 10 Background Information on the SWS Unit
Appendix 11 Instruction on Installation and Operation of SWS Units
Appendix 12 Construction of Simple Jet Probe for Use with SWS Unit
Appendix 13 A Low-Cost In Situ Water Filtration System (Technical Paper)
LOW-COST WATER FILTRATION SYSTEM
FOR FISH FARMS, FISH MARKETS
AND VILLAGE DRINKING WATER SUPPLIES
by
George S. Cansdale, B.A., B.Sc., F.L.S., M.I.W.E.S.
Consultant1
FAO Fisheries Project staff in the South China Sea Region have been faced with numerous problems related to water quality. At almost every fishery project site, there has been a need for a low-cost but effective filtration system to supply clean water from relatively polluted sources. The clean water is needed for fish and fish market washing, for fish hatcheries and nursery ponds, and for fishery village drinking water supplies.
In December 1977, the Marine Fisheries Training Project at Tegal, Indonesia (INS/72/063) brought Mr. George S. Cansdale out to demonstrate the SWS system, which he had himself pioneered and which had worked well in Europe, in Africa and in India. The results of these demonstrations were so convincing, the Directorate General of Fisheries ordered 15 SWS Units in 1978, and Mr. Cansdale was requested to visit Indonesia again to supervise their installation. This consultancy was paid for by the Fishery Development Project (INS/72/064) and took place in October 1978. Mr. John Dibbs, the Project Manager, arranged and supervised the assignment with a team from the Directorate General of Fisheries.
Interest in the system had been generated in the Philippines and in response to a request by Mr. Felix R. Gonzales, Director of the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR), the FAO Representative, Mr. C.R. MacCulloch, agreed to finance a brief consultancy by Mr. Cansdale. The FAO Brackishwater Aquaculture Project (PHI/75/005) purchased the demonstration units and the Project Manager, Mr. Paul Osborn, assisted the BFAR Extension Division in the selection of demonstration sites. The U.P. Department of Fisheries, the Philippine Fish Marketing Authority and other interested bodies were invited to send observers to the demonstrations. The South China Sea Fisheries Programme coordinated the various activities.
| 1 Address: | Office | - | Sea Water Supplies, Ltd., North Parade, The Promenade, |
| Skegness Lincs PE25 1DB, England | |||
| Telephone: Skegness (0754) 4345 | |||
| Home | - | Dove Cottage, Great Chesterford, Saffron Walden, | |
| Essex CB 10 1PL, England | |||
| Telephone: 079983 (Saffron Walden) 274 |
The Philippine consultancy was completed during the week November 11 to 18, 1978. It was agreed that the South China Sea Programme would publish the full text of Mr. Candale's Report of the Indonesia and Philippine assignments, plus the notes of his stopover in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia for a final brief demonstration.
The Report should be of value to fisheries and village development personnel throughout S.E. Asia. It indicates not only the effectiveness of the remarkably low-cost system, but also the various techniques that may be used for application in difficult sites. Much monitoring work needs to be done to determine the precise reduction in bacteria, ammonia and b.o.d. levels at each of the sites where units have been permanently installed. The South China Sea Programme will seek to follow up monitoring activities in the region and to report the results to FAO and Government bodies in due course.
The report describes the situations and problems related to water quality at marine, brackish and freshwater sites in Indonesia, the Philippines and Malaysia. The Consultant investigated each site and where possible, demonstrated the use of the SWS system, using box units and steel screen wells. The results of each test are given along with detailed advice on the installation and maintenance of permanent systems. Further technical data is supplied in the Appendices along with general descriptions of the equipment and its applications.
The format of the report is as follows:
After a brief itinerary, there is a day-by-day account of the stations visited, specific problems discussed and practical work undertaken. For each of the territories, there is a comment on the general application of sub-sand abstraction and filtration principles and on factors which affect them.
A series of Appendices lists detailed procedures suggested for solving the various problems. These are treated in this way so that copies of relevant sheets can be forwarded to individual stations for action. It is hoped that the officials dealing with these problems will write for further advice if this would be helpful.
This tour began with a request from the Fisheries Department, Jakarta, for a series of workshop/instruction groups in the use of sub-sand filtration and in filtration generally as applied to fisheries. I am grateful to Mr. Hadi Atmowasomo, Director of Planning, and Mr. Soesanto, Director of Resources, in the Directorate General of Fisheries for their help and encouragement. Mr. John Dibbs, Project Manager, FAO, made all the arrangements and was a great help. In visiting twelve centres in Indonesia, I met and was entertained by many fishery officers, sometimes twenty or more at a workshop session, and these are too numerous to list. I am grateful to them all for their help. Perhaps I can name personally Ketut Widana, who was attached to me for all my time in Indonesia.
An invitation had been received from the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme to visit Manila and this was organised by Messrs. Woodland and Thomson, and Mr. Osborn from the Brackishwater Aquaculture Development Project, to whom I am grateful for their support and planning, which made it possible to complete the programme in one week. Many others helped in many ways and I single out Rodolfo Pagkatipunan, who accompanied me on most of my field trips and made many of the arrangements.
At short notice, my return journey was broken to pay a two-day visit to Kuala Lumpur, at the request of Mr. Tan Cheng Kiat, Fisheries Dept., Malaysia, who kindly made arrangements for trials to be run in typical areas of West Malaysia.