Governments, intergovernmental organizations, private sector, civil society and other relevant stakeholders should promote sustainable agriculture such as agroecological and other innovative approaches, at different scales in the process towards achieving sustainable food systems that enhance food security and nutrition. They also should collaborate with and support farmers and other food producers to reduce the environmental impact of food systems, enhancing also biodiversity and recognizing the positive efforts of farmers that adopt sustainable practices. This could be done by fostering the adoption of appropriate technology and on-farm management practices to optimize the efficiency of crop production yields and by promoting responsible and sustainable production and use of pesticides and fertilizers in order to maximize their benefits while minimizing their negative impacts on the environment and human health. Governments should promote optimization of agricultural outputs per unit of water, soil, energy, labor and land, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, biodiversity loss, and natural resource degradation (including deforestation), in accordance with their Nationally Determined Contribution to the Paris Agreement, and other relevant national planning instruments.