The paper shows that “accumulation from below” at local level is being driven by off-farm incomes and participation in Maragra Estate, thus accelerating social differentiation. As highlighted by earlier studies in agrarian political economy, the intrusion of capital has also established distinct classes, namely; the “poor”, “middle” and “rich” based on differential land sizes, asset ownership, labour hiring and access to non-farm sources of income. The study also shows gender inequalities in access to employment at the estate, access to land and participation in out-grower schemes and attributes this to women’s lack of education and the existing patriarchal relations in Manhiça District.