European foulbrood (EFB) is a bacterial disease of the honeybee brood. The genetic resistance to EFB of some bee species can fight the infection without causing serious damage, especially if environmental conditions are favourable. However, although chances of recovery from EFB are higher than those from American foulbrood (AFB), in some areas of the world EFB is more dangerous and can even seriously damage strong bee colonies. The propagation of European foulbrood is not limited to Europe, it can be found almost all over the world. Besides Apis mellifera, it can also infect Apis cerana and Apis dorsata.