Aerobic rice is a production system in which rice is grown under non-flooded, non-puddled, and non-saturated soil conditions. Because aerobic rice needs less water at the field level than conventional lowland rice, the system is targeted at relatively water-short irrigated or rain-fed lowland environments. Irrigation can be applied through flash-flooding, furrow irrigation (or raised beds), or sprinklers. Site-specific nutrient management can be used to determine the optimal management of fertilizers. This growing system experiences more weed growth and more species of weeds, therefore there is a need to control weeds. Soil-borne pests and diseases such as nematodes, root aphids, and fungi are known to occur more in aerobic rice than in flooded rice, especially in the tropics. It is recommended to grow aerobic rice in rotation with upland crops suitable in the area. This practice explains where and how to manage ”aerobic rice”.