The mango tree suffers from numerous physiological, phytopathological and entomological problems. In West Africa, the economic importance of the damage caused by mango fruit flies (Diptera tephritidae) is growing in home garden mango trees as well as in small-scale and industrial mango orchards. The introduction and pan-African propagation of Bactrocera invadens, a fly species from Sri Lanka, first discovered in West Africa in 2004 by the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA) in Benin, could jeopardise the recent commercial success of the whole mango sector. Since fruit flies are classified as “quarantine insects”, if a consignment of mangoes containing even a single fruit infested with larvae is exported to Europe, the whole batch may be rejected and totally destroyed by the European phytosanitary services. Fruits showing the slightest trace of a fly bite must be identified, removed, and destroyed during harvesting and in-station sorting. This practice provides information on the types of fruit flies and methods of controlling them.