This paper situates the competing visions for the future of agriculture and food systems in the context of key social, economic and environmental challenges. Drawing on both the growing literature on these issues and Trócaire’s experience the paper presents Trócaire’s vision for agriculture and food. It is an introduction to Trócaire’s understanding of agroecology and how agroecological approaches contribute to achieving the right to adequate food, livelihood security, resilience and womens’ empowerment.The paper examines the factors impeding the widespread adoption of more sustainable approaches to agriculture and identifies opportunities for enabling a transition towards agroecological approaches. The paper concluding with a set of key messages for supportive actions at national and international levels.