Changes in agricultural and environmental practices can contribute to the emergence of agricultural drought conditions. Unsustainable land-use practices, such as soil degradation, deforestation, and the destruction of wetlands, can lead to decreased water availability and increased runoff. Additionally, certain agricultural practices like large-scale irrigation and the cultivation of water-intensive plant species can further deplete water resources, leaving less water available for other purposes and diminishing groundwater levels.In Small Island Developing States (SIDS) such challenges can easily become critical vulnerabilities. Their remoteness and sensitive ecosystems enhance their exposure to natural hazards, while their limited access to resources and high import costs often leave them with limited opportunities for economic diversification. The report, a result of the collaboration between FAO and IIED, sheds light on the critical challenges of the agriculture sector in SIDS and provides insightful recommendations stemming from the broad consultations carried out in selected countries. It identifies key areas for policy interventions and technical approaches and supports stakeholders in defining effective measures for drought risk resilience through improved land and water management.