The government of Mozambique has adopted a generally hands-off approach in engaging with efforts to improve farmer access to fertilizer. Private-sector investment decisions drive the development of these markets, with government primarily having somewhat distant oversight on these developments. Efforts are starting to strengthen the retail sector for agricultural in-puts, but much work is still required in this regard. This study pointed to several areas where government inaction is having an adverse effect on efforts to increase agricultural productivity in Mozambique through the increased use of inorganic fertilizer.