The Eastern African region (which includes Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania) is highly vulnerable to climate change and several of its major sectors (notably agriculture) that significantly contribute to the sub-region’s economies are at risk. About 80% of the population in East Africa depend on agriculture, which contributes to 40% of the sub-region’s GDP. Climate change will significantly affect the agricultural sector in ways that without adaptation will ultimately reduce yields of subsistence crops, cash crops and the livestock sector. Areas already facing water scarcity are predicted to become drier and thereby cause associated disputes and conflicts. The Eastern African highlands are also vulnerable to a range of climate-sensitive diseases including malaria, dengue fever, meningitis and rift valley fever-whose increased incidence and spread is driven by climate variability and will affect livelihoods.