All NENA countries are characterized by climatic and epidemiological conditions (presence of susceptible hosts, xylem feeders potentially acting as vectors) favourable to the spread and establishment of the pathogen. Against this backdrop, it must be recalled that the olive production and olive oil sector is one of the most important sources of income and food security for thousands of farmers in the region. To face this challenge, FAO launched a Regional Technical Cooperation Project to support NENA countries in their efforts to enforce preventive measures against the introduction and spread of Xylella fastidiosa and OQDS in their territories.