The recent escalation in conflict in Ukraine is affecting the food security of the most vulnerable rural households. According to the United Nations (UN) Flash Appeal, given the scale and direction of the ongoing hostilities, 18 million people are projected to be affected, including up to 6.7 million projected to be newly internally displaced. For rural and isolated communities, the conflict is resulting in large-scale displacement, compounding existing vulnerabilities and disrupting the agricultural livelihoods of smallholder farmers. In addition to Donetska and Luhanska oblasts (regions), which have long been affected by conflict, the crisis is predicted to impact the rural population in all regions of Ukraine. FAO will adapt its targeting of assistance based on the evolving situation, analysis of pre-existing vulnerability and the results of a rapid needs assessments. Large portions of the affected population will likely remain in their communities, facing extreme challenges and requiring multi-sectoral humanitarian assistance. With immediate assistance, FAO can support smallholder farmers throughout the country who choose to stay, including IDPs and host families, to plant their fields, save their livestock and produce food. Through the Rapid Response Plan, FAO will immediately inject multi-purpose cash assistance to address urgent needs, and, where needed and possible, combined with agriculture-based livelihood in-kind support to produce nutritious food.