This is a basic guide to the starting of a successful practice of small-scale trout farming. It summarizes all the technical information that it is important to know for small-scale trout production. In mountainous regions, where water resources could support profitable trout farming, protection of the environment is also important. Therefore, this guide contains sections with information about the basics of efficient treatment of trout farm effluents. This serves as a guide for the reader through the necessary technical information, related practical solutions and the steps of preparation of both investment in and day-to-day operation of a small-scale rainbow trout farm. In order to satisfy interest for specific details, a glossary has been compiled and tables and annexes are attached. Explanations are short but together with their illustrations, they are informative. This combination will facilitate easy understanding and learning of rainbow trout farming.