Fruit flies are a major constraint to the production and export of fruit and vegetables in South Asia. Two techniques were developed. Bait Application Technique (BAT), in which food baits are mixed with a small amount of insecticide to attract and kill adults. Male Annihilation Technique (MAT) is where synthetic parapheromones are mixed with insecticide, applied to a suitable substrate to allow slow release, and used to selectively attract and kill male flies. Extensive work was carried out to optimize both the construction and composition of traps and lures, and the conditions and environments under which these are best deployed.