The Colombian agricultural sector is highly relevant because it generates more than 80 % of the food consumed by the country. The cultivated area in the country is approximately 7.1 million hectares, which corresponds to 6.3 % of the national area. It is necessary to carry out an analysis of the situation of the sector to appreciate its dynamics and guide research activities with a view to making it more competitive. The objective of this work was to analyze the performance of the sector and in this the commercial balance of the agricultural sector in the last 15 years, in addition the effects of the exchange rate and the growth of the gross domestic product of the sector were considered. The techniques used were descriptive statistics, correlation and least squares estimation. The results show that the agricultural sector is dynamic, stable to the extent that its growth is positive at 2.6 for the period 2005 - 2020. It is concluded that the effects of the exchange rate are a determinant of the agricultural trade balance that for this analysis resulted in a surplus for the agricultural sector.