In an effort to improve the food security of rural households and to foster equitable economic growth and development, the Government of Swaziland and FAO, with funding from the European Union (EU), work together to boost agricultural productivity, while at the same time reversing environmental degradation. Smallholder agriculture is a critical lifeline of Swaziland’s majority rural population. But unreliable rainfall, uncontrolled livestock grazing, not fully exploited crop rotations, the cost of inputs and the HIV/AIDS epidemic have led to falling yields for more than a decade. At the same time, food insecurity has risen dramatically, especially on the countryside. It is estimated that almost 7 out of 10 persons live below the poverty line. Moreover, mounting pressures on land and water resources have led to an unsustainable level of environmental degradation and soil erosion.