• Enteric fermentation is the largest contributor to GHG emissions

• Emission intensities are higher for mixed crop-livestock systems when measured per area, but lower per liter milk produced

• N balances are negative for mixed farming, and positive for agro-pastoralists due to the manure produced by the relatively big herd

• Livestock intensification strategies result in almost all cases in lower emission intensities, especially in the agro-pastoral system

• Improved livestock feeding through planted forages is a promising option, both for productivity (especially under intercropping and manure) and environment

• Further work is done to assess farm and landscape scale tradeoffs between productivity and environmental impacts