The 2021 United Nations Food Systems Summit (UNFSS) set the stage for actors across the globe to engage in conversations around sustainable food systems, explore the interconnections between food systems and today’s pressing challenges, and make their voices heard for an inclusive and resilient transformation towards sustainability. As part of this global effort, countries and stakeholders across the Mediterranean region convened several Food Systems Summit Dialogues (FSSDs) at cross-national, national and subnational levels. As of August 2021, out of 1 030 FSSDs organized around the world, a total of 64 took place in the Mediterranean, involving more than 5 000 participants. These Dialogues allowed participants to reflect on the Summit’s objectives, explore the challenges faced in Mediterranean food systems, and conduct exchanges about strategic pathways to enable a sustainable transition. They included Member State Dialogues, organized by national governments, and Independent Dialogues which can have a regional dimension such as the two Independent Dialogues on “Pathways for the future of sustainable food systems in the Mediterranean“ jointly convened by the International Center for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the Secretariat of the Union for the Mediterranean (UfM), the One Planet Network’s Sustainable Food Systems Programme (OPN-SFSP) and the Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area (PRIMA). Building on this momentum, an analytical review of the outcomes of several Dialogues convened in the Mediterranean was performed in order to take stock of common challenges, priorities and opportunities, and to provide a starting point to follow up on the efforts undertaken by countries and stakeholders to transform their food systems. The stocktaking exercise involved in-depth desk research of official FSSD feedback forms (15 Member State Dialogues and 10 Independent Dialogues), which were complemented by Member States’ statements and roundtables organized during the Pre-Summit event in Rome and the Food Systems Summit in New York, national pathways, and other relevant ministerial declarations.