Pests and diseases cause substantial economic loss to crop farmers. Other than reducing yield and lowering harvest quality, pest and disease control increases production costs in terms of buying the chemicals to control them. Besides chemicals being expensive and not readily available, they also have adverse effects on the environment, humans and non-target organisms if not used properly. As such, farmers prefer to use locally available materials (traditional methods) to mitigate pests and diseases which are cheaper, environmentally friendly, easily available and less harmful to humans and non-target organisms. As one of the traditional practices in Uganda, farmers use ash and urine to control a wide range of crop pests and diseases. Below is a description of how different farmers apply this practice.