Chicken diseases can cause significant loss for farmers. Due to the frequency in which diseases affect chickens at nearly every change of season, farmers get discouraged to raise chickens. The most common diseases often infecting chickens in rural areas are Newcastle disease and fowl cholera. This practice includes instructions on the use of vaccines to reduce the disease causality among chickens. Additionally, this practice presents guidelines on chicken raising in flood or drought prone areas and describes the cost-benefit analysis of rearing improved chicken breeds with vaccination in Lao PDR. Improved chicken breeds are considered more efficient than native chickens because they grow faster and do not require as much water and feed.