Across the arid landscape of northern Kenya, road signs proclaim projects aimed at building 'resilience' among pastoral communities. This is a region where frequent droughts, animal diseases, insecurity and structural exclusion affect all pastoral livelihoods.
Resilience - the ability to transform or recover quickly from challenges - is the idea behind the many externally funded projects and hundreds of millions of dollars spent over the past decades. But it hasn't happened.
Drought in Kenya: millions of dollars did not save pastoralists