Geographical indication schemes help protect food products and produce that are characteristic to specific geographic areas. Giving certain foods special labels that are linked to their place of origin can play a special role in promoting sustainable rural development, improving farm income, and widening export opportunities. Common products include fruits, dairy and meat products (such as cheese and ham), and drinks, among many others.

Two recent reports from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) reviewed legal and institutional frameworks for geographical indications in Armenia, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Republic of Moldova, and Russian Federation. The reports also provide insight into the European quality policy tools in Croatia, Hungary, and Poland.