Producing more food with less water is a straightforward objective that could be realized through using better production practices. The challenge is in achieving an overall optimum in using the little water available. Clarification of the WP concept in its different dimensions - economic, social and environmental – has become urgently needed for the effective implementation of collaborative actions.  The aim of the conference is to bring together experts working on improving water productivity from different perspectives to debate how WP improvements can reinforce agriculture sustainability as well as promoting economic development, maintaining social stability and protecting the environment in rural areas and cities.