The Geodata and Technologies for the Common Agricultural Policy (GTCAP) team at the Joint Research Centre (JRC) has devoted the last quarter-century developing the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) control mechanisms and assisting with the implementation of compatible innovative technologies for the CAP. In recent years GTCAP’s research and development work principally focused on 1) Promote the checks by monitoring (CbM) approach as a key control system for paying agencies and 2) Make better use of new technologies, in particular remote sensing for monitoring environmental and climate requirements. This report compiles the findings and other outcomes of the GTCAP activities on the CAP Green Infrastructure and covers two years of activities (2021 and 2022). The GTCAP’s green Infrastructure work focused on activities exploring the nexus of land and the environment and employed cutting-edge technology more effectively for monitoring environmental and climate requirements. The new delivery model, central to the reformed CAP and the European Court of Auditors (ECA) recommendations, represented one of the main drivers for the activities over the last two years. To respond to the challenge of monitoring the nexus of land and the environment, the primary focus lays on farming practices that contribute to reaching climate goals, to foster sustainable management of natural resources, and to protect biodiversity and the landscape. The work carried out has focused on the identification of the elements of these practices that should be extracted and documented to allow monitoring them. Monitoring a farming practice entail observing the status of land cover within the unit or plot of agricultural management and any observable changes resulted from the use of the land by the farmers (as tillage, ploughing, leaving green cover on the soil, etc). Being the observed (bio) physical cover on the Earth’s surface, land cover is the easiest detectable indicator of human interventions on the land and the main biophysical phenomenon constraining the use of land. Land use, in other hand, could be considered as the arrangements, activities and inputs people undertake in a certain land cover type to maintain it or produce change. Multiple land uses can coexist on the same land cover. For example, a grassland parcel (land cover) might be ploughed, harvested, mowed (three possible land uses, among many others). Standardization of the land cover/land use semantics and classification systems and elaborating the link with the visible biophysical phenomena are an essential part of the work done in the last two years. The conceptual framework and approaches elaborated are applied and discussed in four case studies implemented in the last two years and described in this report. Each case study can be regarded as a standalone elaboration of an element of the overall framework and illustrates how the conceptual framework could be instantiated to support real world solutions. The findings show how new technologies have the potential to change the game by enabling the design of parcel- or farm-based policy measures that can be effectively monitored and therefore improve the results of the policy in environmental and climate terms. The report is addressed to stakeholders of the CAP and in particular to the ones dealing with the design and implementation of the CAP (Ministries and Paying Agencies of the Member States as well as Commission Services for Agriculture). Anyway, for the relevance of methodologies in dealing with practices with environmental and climate impacts, the report is also addressed to stakeholders generally dealing with environment and climate topics (Ministries for Environment and Climate as well as Commission Services of DG CLIMA and DG ENV).