There are 3.9 million farm holdings in Romania, the majority of which are Family Farms of extensive semi-natural grassland pastoral systems and mixed farming systems. These semi-natural smallsale farmed landscapes are of significant economic importance. For example, the 1 million holdings between 1-10 ha (3.1 m ha, 20% of Romania’s agricultural area), are classes as semi-subsistence farms producing for home consumption, local sales and for their extended families. Yet these farms are estimated to produce 25-30% of national food consumption. They also provide rural vitality, as compared to the largest farms which are associated with rural poverty. Their importance is not only economic. They are providers of many public goods: sustainable land use; biodiversity conservation; other environmental, social, cultural and economic benefits. The associated concept of HNV farmland is used by the Romanian Government as the basis for the main agri-environment measure supporting small-scale farmed landscapes in Romania. The HNV farming concept also offers the basis for the further sustainable development of rural areas through promotion of traditional food products, and diversification through sustainable tourism.