This brief summarizes the results of a novel analysis that examines the determinants of adoption of agricultural practices to improve food security and their productivity implications in Tanzania. Conducted by the FAO Economics and Policy Innovations for Climate-Smart Agriculture Programme (EPIC), the approach integrates historical Climate data with a rich set of socio-economic data in a rigorous empirical analysis. The anlaysis creates evidence to support the efficient targeting of agricultural policies to improve food security under climate change.