IMF and World Bank liberalisation policies have had an uncertain impact on African economies and their agricultural sector. Despite some improved macro-economic data these liberalisation measures had a negative impact on smallholder farmers and their right to food. The shift in the EU-ACP partnership during the 1990s away from preferential treatment of the ACP states to reciprocal free trade areas follows the international liberalisation paradigm. This study seeks to examine the potential impact of the EU’s policy, especially the effects of the forthcoming Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs), on smallholder farmers and their food security in Sub-Saharan Africa. The examples of Uganda, Zambia and Ghana contribute to substantiate the analysis and allow some considerations on particularly affected products.