This is Part 1 of a study, presented in three reports that detail the results of a poverty assessment and mapping project in North and Southern Sudan. The study’s objecƟve was to produce a rural poverty analysis and poverty maps for North and Southern Sudan, and based on these findings, recommend agricultural intervenƟons that can help reduce poverty. These findings provided an input to the IFAD Sudan Country Program 2007–2012, that takes into consideraƟon the new constitutional changes in Sudan resulƟng from the peace agreements with South/East/West Sudan and to support peace, security and stability in Sudan. The results of the Northern Sudan Poverty Assessment show higher rural than urban poverty, in the six regions studied. This rural–urban disparity was mainly due to the rural–urban differences in food composiƟons and food prices. However, in absolute terms the number of rural poor was greater than of urban poor. Higher poverty incidence in rural areas is a due to chronic low producƟvity and low income in rural areas.