Subsistence agriculture is a phenomenon that is presently encountered not only in developing countries, but also in the Central and Eastern European transition countries (CEECs). The various land reforms implemented in Eastern Europe have led to differences in the land tenure and farming systems and have influenced the access to land and capital and farms' productive efficiency. The Bulgarian land reform of 1991 changed the economic behaviour of the rural population. It created new visions, a new environment and possibilities for the development of rural households, and took them to a decision-making crossroads: to continue working in agriculture or to leave it; to enter the agricultural sector or to stay out of it; to change or leave unaltered their economic, social and environmental preferences. As a consequence of all these decisions, an imbalance in the agricultural sector emerged.