This is Chapter 13, "Regional Assessment of Soil Changes in the Near East and North Africa," of the report Status of the World’s Soil Resources.  The Near East and North Africa (NENA) region has a land area of approximately 14.9 million km2, nearly all of which is hyper-arid, arid or semi-arid. The region faces three climatic constraints: aridity, recurrent drought, and desertification, the latter also in part human induced.. Large areas of Libya, Egypt, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates are entirely desert Various aspects of soil change are discussed for the region. National case studies of soil change are presented for Iran and Tunisia.