Trade in agriculture must now also play a central role in implementing many of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) agreed by the United Nations in autumn 2015. The SDGs will have a direct and profound effect on trade in agriculture. Agriculture, in turn, will have a key role in achieving more than half of the SDGs. All countries share responsibility in these efforts. The SDGs identify many of the tools needed to ensure a successful outcome – and trade is specifically mentioned in nine of them, compared with just one in the case of the Millennium Development Goals that preceded the SDGs. At least 13 SDGs also refer to climate change: the two areas are deeply interwoven. Agriculture plays a critical role here too, as both a cause and a victim of climate change.