The study provides the results of research into the women’s motives for engaging in business activity, the internal determinants (personal traits) and external conditions of running business, the intentions to develop the business, and the expectations about measures for facilitating and supporting the business activity of women. It was found, among other things, that the decisions to start a business, made by the women, were mainly inspired by internal needs, such as an aspiration for independence, and a desire to prove one’s self-worth and to cope with the role of an entrepreneur. In business activity, the benefits outweigh any inconveniences it may entail.