This closing chapter first briefly identifies key moments at which previously excluded farmers and citizens can intervene in the politics of knowledge to decide what knowledge is produced, and for whose benefit. Next, the chapter critically explores two complementary approaches for democratizing the construction of knowledge(s) for food sovereignty, agroecology and biocultural diversity. The first emphasizes the potential of grassroots innovation and self-managed research to de- institutionalize research for autonomous learning and action. It focuses in par- ticular on critical education and strengthening horizontal networks of farmers2 and other citizens who actively produce knowledge in the many ‘living campuses’ where they derive their livelihoods.The second approach focuses on democratiz- ing and transforming public research to better serve the common good rather than narrow economic interests. Particular attention is given here to institutional, pedagogical and methodological innovations that can enable citizen participation and agency throughout the entire research cycle – from deciding upstream strategic research and funding priorities to the co-production of knowledge and the framing of risk assessments.