The global population is growing, especially in Africa – and with it the demand for food. At the same time, we are reaching planetary boundaries: climate change and the loss of biodiversity are limiting conventional agriculture. Based on its 13 principles, the agroecological transformation describes a path towards resilient, productive, and equitable agrifood systems. Agroecology offers solutions for individual farmers as well as for entire societies to address the above-mentioned challenges. It contributes significantly to sustainability in land use, consumption, and nutrition (multiple-benefit strategy). At the same time, it creates an important basis for more jobs and decent working conditions. In turn this leads to better income, as well as an increased quality of life in rural areas, particularly for women and young people. Agroecology emphasizes participation and fairness while promoting flourishing locally embedded markets. The promotion of local markets, as well as the recycling of resources in local circular economies, create additional and secure income opportunities in decent jobs with fair wages. Agroecology subsequently contributes to the promotion of sustainable rural areas and counteracts the rural exodus.