This research aims to provide the evidence required to help put dryland issues firmly on the development agenda at national, regional, and global levels. Dryland Systems research informs the interventions required by providing international public goods – tools, methods, practices, policies, and technologies – to enhance the economic and social well-being of rural dryland communities, enhance their resilience in the face of climate variability and change, and strengthen their adaptive capacity to manage natural resources in an equitable and sustainable fashion. Gender and youth issues, as well as options for alternative and diverse livelihoods, direct our research efforts to understand and support sustainable dryland ecosystems in the long term.