This paper provides a brief overview of agroforestry systems in Vanuatu through case studies on two villages on Efate Island, Etas and Epau. Epau village is longer settled and is characterised by secure property rights, while Etas is a newly settled village with less secure property rights. Common problems facing both villages relate to access to markets and technology, and lack of storage facilities for agricultural produce. These limit farm productivity and profitability, and undermine sustainable livelihoods in both villages. The   findings indicate the need to provide an enabling environment for the farming communities by ensuring easier access to markets and technology. This calls for strengthening the agricultural research and development and extension services and stronger marketing agencies. Livelihoods in the village with less secure property rights appear less sustainable.