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报告
社会、经济与森林: 中国正在进行的森林转型及经验教训
尽管毁林和森林退化现象仍存在于亚洲及太平洋地区的许多国家,但过去三十年中国的林业部门发生了巨大变化。中国不仅成功遏止毁林,还大幅增加了森林面积和蓄积量。目前,中国在人工林和农用林方面居亚洲地区首位,在木材加工方面也取得了令人瞩目的成就。目前是几种林产品(如木板、纸、纸板以及家具)的最大出口国,还是几种非木材林产品的主要生产和出口国。
若干政策变化和体制改革,包括森林权属相关变革,都旨在动员私营部门增加对林业的投资。此外,环境问题也引发了多项干预措施,例如禁止采伐天然林,保护和养护现有森林和林地。城市化快速发展以及随之而来对木材和环境服务的需求,导致在造林、再造林和森林保护方面的投资增加。科学技术取得重大发展,包括加强部门内外的技能和能力,促进了价值链上增值、贸易和市场服务的有效运作,并进一步帮助加速转型。考虑到森林转型的规模和速度,中国的经验尤其值得借鉴。
本文致力于解释影响中国森林转型的因素以及有助于稳定和完善林业部门的多种途径。对于着力改善林业部门的国家,在宏观变化以及需采取广泛措施的背景下,中国的案例提供了特别宝贵的经验教训。
China
2021 - FAO
书籍
粮食及农业状况
社会保护与农业:打破农村贫困恶性循环
本版《粮食及农业状况 2015》指出,当社 会保护措施与更广义的农业及农村发展 措施相互结合时,它将有助于打破农村贫 困和脆弱性的恶性循环
2015 - 联合国粮食及农业组织
文章
大规模农业生产会是有利的环境因素吗?
水土保持专家莱纳斯·布洛姆奎斯特和非盈利机构GRAIN从正反两面给出了不同的看法
全球约有44%至57%的温室气体(GHGs)排放来自粮食系统,其中农业和由农业造成的森林砍伐占到了26%到33%,这让农业成了造成气候变化的主要因素。化肥是这些危险气体的主要来源。中国是世界上化肥使用量最多的国家,约占目前全球化肥使用总量的三分之一,其中大多数是以煤为原料的氮肥。在中国,普通农民平均每公顷土地施用化肥超过600千克。在巴西和美国,化肥的使用也是一个日益严重的问题,但中国的平均化肥施用量却是巴西平均值的三倍还多,几乎达到美国的五倍。此外,中国农民给小麦和水稻作物施的化肥仅三分之一被植株吸收,其余都进入了河流和大气之中。
China
2015 - GRAIN
文章
中国的土壤及水污染将抬高全球粮食价格
大力发展的中国农业发展不仅为城市居民提供了充足的粮食,而且帮助成千上百万的农村人口脱离了贫困。但这也同时造成了很大的环境问题。在一些本应该是鱼米之乡的丰沃地区,生态系统已经被严重破坏,有些地区的生态系统甚至已经到退化到了无法恢复的程度。由英国和中国的科学家共同组成的研究团队最新的研究成果表明,农业产量的提高是长期以牺牲环境为代价的。在东部的一些省份,如安徽,江苏和上海,粮食和渔业的产量在过去的60年内都有显著的提高。但是这些产量的提高同时伴随着一系列的环境问题, 比如水污染, 空气污染以及水土流失。也许有些人会说这未必是个多么严重的问题。毕竟,粮食产量的提高是使中国几亿的农村人脱离贫困的一个主要因素。与这些相比,自然环境在一定程度上的恶化也许算不了什么。
China
2015 - GRAIN
文章
气候变化对粮食安全有正负两种影响
周曙东教授和同事的研究表明,未来气候变化对粮食生产有正面影响,也有负面影响,目前负面影响较大。但如果能采取恰当应对措施,充分利用气候资源,中国粮食也有可能增产
粮食生产与气候条件保持着高度的因果联系。今后20 年至50 年间农业生产将受到气候变化的严重冲击,进而严重影响全球的粮食安全。总体而言,气候变化对农业生产的影响,既有负面的,也有正面的。当前负面的影响大于正面影响,需要相应的应对措施。
China
2015 - GRAIN
会议录
亚太地区生态农业磋商会
“生态农业提供了双赢的解决方案,既提高了生产力,又提升恢复力,还能更有效地利用自然资源”,联 合国粮农组织总干事何塞·格拉齐亚诺·达席尔瓦在 2014 年于罗马主办的“生态农业与粮食和营养安全” 国际研讨会上表示。本次曼谷的多方政策磋商会旨在进一步深化罗马会议上对相关问题的讨论。 来自亚太地区二十多个国家的公共部门、学术界、农户以及民间组织的代表们出席了本次研讨会。经过协 商,与会代表提出了一揽子建议以进一步推进本地区的生态农业发展。下面,我们将重点介绍磋商过程中 形成的最具代表性的建议。
2015 - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
报告
调动农村农技 推广潜力
本文陈述了联合国粮食及农业组织也全球农村咨询服务论坛关于农技推广今天站在何处及今后将需要走向何处的立场。本文所述的研究结果的意图是在考虑农业科研促进发展的前途时,改进对推广的定位。本文写入了从倡议的一些利益相者以及其他方面得到的反馈意见,也写入了一些案例的研究概况。 陈述这些案例,是为了阐述如今多元化推广系统特点的经验与途, 也是为了提高人们对推广为持续农村发展和减贫作出贡献贡的多种方式的认识。
Benin - Burkina Faso - Cameroon - China - Guinea - Honduras - India - Kenya - Peru - Sri Lanka - Uganda - United Republic of Tanzania
2010
简讯
Bangladesh: Poverty Amidst Plenty
Only comprehensive policy interventions and targeted initiatives can address systemic inequalities and ensure equitable development in the fisheries sector of Bangladesh.
The fisheries sector has emerged as a significant contributor to Bangladesh’s economy and food security. With abundant water resources and strategic policies, Bangladesh has become a leading producer in the...
Bangladesh
2024 - International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (ICSF)
情况说明
Strengthening Ecological Monitoring for Mangrove Management in West Bengal: Sundarbans
Coastal ecosystems and their diverse biodiversity are under threat due to the impacts of global climate change, specifically due to rising sea levels. Mangroves, crucial as socio-ecological systems, play a vital role in combating climate change, safeguarding coastlines, and sustaining the livelihoods of coastal communities.
India
2024 - CIFOR-ICRAF
Газетная статья
Target, tool, tenure and timing: the four T’s limiting the impact of traditional hunting in Indonesian Papua
Subsistence hunting has sustained human populations in New Guinea for millennia, without seriously affecting the highest levels of biodiversity on Earth. Recent changes to hunting practices, demographic, social and economic context and the introduction of large exotic species has significantly altered the dynamic of hunting and its potential effects in...
Indonesia
2024 - CIFOR-ICRAF
博文
Reinventing salt-tolerant rice breeding on ground zero
Salinity is an agricultural problem that significantly affects rice production and is spreading in fields across the world. Poor irrigation practices, insufficient irrigation water during cropping seasons with low rainfall, high evaporation, increasing saline groundwater levels, and saltwater intrusion in coastal areas are among the significant causes of salinity.
Salinity cuts...
2024 - International Rice Research Insitute IRRI
通讯文章
India: Spawning, Banning, Learning
An analysis of spawning periods of marine fish resources along both India’s west coast and east coast reveals differences in the peak spawning periods for pelagic and demersal stocks.
A new analysis of the spawning period of species along both the coasts of India suggests it may be appropriate to review...
India
2024 - International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (ICSF)
书籍部分
Mass Scale Seed Production of Indigenous Small Fish Species
A promising solution to scale nutrition-sensitive aquaculture
This book chapter explores the potential of indigenous small fsh (ISF) species as a solution to address undernutrition and promote nutrition-sensitive aquaculture. ISF, characterized by their small size and remarkable reproductive capacity, offer a rich source of protein, micronutrients, and essential fatty acids. Despite their nutritional advantages, ISF populations are...
India
2024 - WorldFish
图片库
The Classroom of Life: Indigenous women in Thailand set up their forest as a space for knowledge transmission
In the Indigenous Karen village of Huay Ee Khang, in the mountainous north of Thailand, all life starts in the forest: When a baby is born, its umbilical cord is placed in a bamboo container and hung on a healthy fruit tree.“This way, the souls of the baby and the...
Thailand
2024 - Asia Indigenous Peoples Pact
通讯文章
Asia/Africa: Shrinking spaces
Women in small-scale fishing communities bear the worst impacts as coastal space in the Indian Ocean region is increasingly encroached upon by state and private activities.
This article is based on a cross-regional study that focused on how ruptures in the form of environmental stress and political economic pressures impacted small-scale...
India - Kenya - Sri Lanka
2024 - International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (ICSF)
书籍
Feasibility of anticipatory action in the Pacific Islands region
This report seeks to expand the understanding of anticipatory action in Small Island Developing States, with a focus on the geographic and socio-institutional aspects of independent Pacific Island Countries in the Southwest Pacific Ocean. This report provides a summary of regional and selected national contexts and approaches to the building...
Fiji - Palau - Solomon Islands
2024 - FAO
通讯文章
India: The Tiger Widows of the Sunderbans
In the forests of the Sunderbans in West Bengal, India, limited livelihood options often drive male fishers literally into the jaws of death, with their widows left struggling for survival.
The expression ‘Byaghro Bidhoba’, which literally translates to ‘Tiger Widows’, is a term used to refer to women who have lost...
India
2024 - International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (ICSF)
书籍
Investment case for anticipatory action and adaptive and shock responsive social protection in the Philippines
The Philippines has made significant strides in reducing poverty, but the persistent threat of natural disasters, compounded by the country's vulnerability and exposure, continues to jeopardize these gains. Many households in disaster-prone areas hover precariously close to the poverty line, and the devastating impact of disasters on their assets, income,...
Philippines
2024 - FAO
文章
The Nexus of Opportunity: Unlocking the potential of social forestry in climate change mitigation in ASEAN through mapping priority investment areas
From the fertile fields of Cambodia to the dense rainforests of Indonesia and Lao PDR, Southeast Asia's agricultural lands and forest resources are of social and ecological significance to the region.
Home to over 300 million rural inhabitants, as many as 140 million people rely on forests for their livelihoods, nutrition,...
Cambodia - Indonesia - Lao People's Democratic Republic
2024 - UNEP
Газетная статья
Diversifying crop rotation increases food production, reduces net greenhouse gas emissions and improves soil health
Global food production faces challenges in balancing the need for increased yields with environmental sustainability. This study presents a six-year field experiment in the North China Plain, demonstrating the benefits of diversifying traditional cereal monoculture (wheat–maize) with cash crops (sweet potato) and legumes (peanut and soybean). The diversified rotations increase...
China
2024 - China Agricultural University, China
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