Table 17. Dietary nutritional deficiency, essential amino acid (EAA) and essential fatty acid (EFA)
EAA/EFA	Deficiency signs/syndrome
Essential amino acid
Lysine	Mortality of fry
Typtophan	No gross morphological change in fry
Essential fatty acid
n-3 & n-6	Poor survival and growth of larva; poor reproductive performance in broodstock
Data source: ICAR (2006); Ravi and Devraj (1991)
Minerals	Deficiency signs/syndrome
Phosphorus	Increase in the activity of certain gluconeogenic enzymes in liver�
Magnesium	Hypercalcinosis of kidney & hepatopancreas
Iron	Microcytic anemia, normal colour of liver changes to yellowish-white
Copper	Reduced growth, cataract
Mineral deficiency signs as reported above are of other fish species, not necessarily specific to catla