Table 5. Sources of major nutrients for freshwater prawn | |||||||||
Type | Typical inclusion level� | Sources | Major nutrient supplied | ||||||
(%) | Protein | Carbohydrate | Essential fatty acids | Phospholipids | Steroids | Attractants | Water stability properties | ||
Marine proteins | 30-50 | Fishmeal | Y | - | Y | Y | Y | Y | - |
Shrimp meal | Y | - | Y | Y | Y | Y | - | ||
Shrimp feed meal | Y | - | Y | Y | Y | Y | - | ||
Squid meal | Y | - | Y | Y | Y | Y | - | ||
Clam meat | Y | - | Y | Y | Y | Y | - | ||
Snail meat | Y | - | Y | Y | Y | Y | - | ||
Squilla meat | Y | - | Y | Y | - | Y | - | ||
Non-marine proteins | 01-May | Meat meal | Y | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Blood meal | Y | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Vegetable proteins | 15-30 | Groundnut cake | Y | Y | Y | - | - | - | - |
Soyabean cake | Y | Y | Y | - | - | - | - | ||
Sesame seed cake� | Y | Y | Y | - | - | - | - | ||
Copra cake | Y | Y | Y | - | - | - | - | ||
Yeast (dried) | - | Y | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Cereals | 15-30 | Wheat flour | Y | Y | Y | - | - | - | Y |
Wheat gluten | Y | Y | Y | - | - | - | Y | ||
Wheat bran | Y | Y | - | - | - | - | Y | ||
Rice bran | Y | Y | - | - | - | - | Y | ||
Starches | Jan-20 | Tapoica (precooked) | - | Y | - | - | - | - | - |
Phospholipids | 0.5-2 | Lecithin | - | - | Y | Y | - | - | - |
Oils | 01-May | Fish oil | - | - | Y | - | - | - | - |
Binders | 0.5-4 | Guargum | - | - | - | - | - | - | Y |
Cellulose | - | - | - | - | - | - | Y | ||
Alginates | - | - | - | - | - | - | Y | ||
Y: Yes | |||||||||
Data source: Jain (2007) |