| Table 7. Feed formulations (ingredient composition) and proximate composition of commonly used pellet feeds for different life stages of milkfish in semi-intensive and intensive farming systems* | ||||||
| Ingredient/proximate composition (% dry matter) | Life stages/size class | |||||
| Larvae (1) | Larvae (1) | Fry/fingerling/grower (2) | Fry/fingerling/grower (3) | Fry/fingerling/grower (4) | Broodstock (5) | |
| Ingredient composition (%) | ||||||
| Fish meal | 33 | 33 | 6 | 5 | 11 | 20 |
| Soybean meal (defatted) | 18 | 18 | 35 | 35 | 30.8 | 43 |
| Rice bran | 17.9 | 16 | 49.2 | 26.9 | ||
| Copra meal� | 13 | 13 | ||||
| Wheat pollard� | 15 | 15 | ||||
| Meat and bone meal� | 8 | |||||
| Molasses | 4 | |||||
| Squid meal | 10 | |||||
| Shrimp meal (Acetes sp.) | 12 | 24 | ||||
| Soybean oil | 1.5 | 2 | ||||
| Cod liver oil | 8 | 8 | 1.5 | 2 | 2 | |
| Fish oil | 4 | |||||
| Vitamin premix** | 3 | 3 | 0.1 | |||
| Vitamin C | 0.1 | |||||
| Mineral premix*** | ||||||
| Dicalcium phosphate | 3 | 3 | 4 | |||
| Bread flour (binder) | 6.7 | 4.7 | ||||
| Wheat flour (binder) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | ||
| κ-carageenan (binder) | 5 | 5 | ||||
| DL-α-tocopherol | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Lecithin | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Preservative (BHT) | 0.1 | 0.1 | ||||
| β-carotene | 0.3 | 0.3 | ||||
| Proximate composition (%) | ||||||
| Dry matter | ||||||
| Crude protein | 46.3 | 46.5 | 30.8 | 30.6 | 26.7 | 36 |
| Crude lipid | 11.4 | 11.5 | 9 | 8.8 | 10.9 | 7.5 |
| Ash | 9.4 | 9.3 | 9.2 | 9 | 8.9 | |
| Crude fibre | 5.6 | 5.9 | 7.6 | 7.7 | 8.4 | |
| NFE | 27.3 | 27.1 | 43.3 | 43.9 | 45.1 | 36 |
| Gross energy (kJ/g feed) | 20.1 | 20.2 | 18.3 | 18.3 | 18.4 | 17.7 |
| Cost (US$/kg) | 3.5 | 2.6 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
| *All feeds are in dry form; grower feeds are also given to fry and fingerlings | ||||||
| **Refer to Table 10 for details of commonly used vitamin premix | ||||||
| ***Refer to Table 11 for details of commonly used mineral premix | ||||||
| Data source: (1) Borlongan et al. (2000); (2) Sumagaysay-Chavoso (unpublished); (3) Sumagaysay and McGlone (2003); (4) Sumagaysay (1998); (5) Emata et al. (2000) | ||||||